A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis
Management Science
Data envelopment analysis of integer-valued inputs and outputs
Computers and Operations Research
Failure mode and effects analysis by data envelopment analysis
Decision Support Systems
Efficiency measurement for network systems: IT impact on firm performance
Decision Support Systems
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In conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods, all inputs and outputs are assumed to be continuous. However, in many practical situations, firms may generate both desirable and undesirable outputs, and some of which may only take integer values (e.g., the number of traffic accidents and deaths in a transportation system). The efficiency evaluation results can be inaccurate if these conditions are not incorporated in the model. In this paper we propose an integer DEA model with undesirable inputs and outputs. The proposed model is developed based on the additive DEA model, in which input and output slacks are used to compute efficiency scores. We also develop an integer super-efficiency model to discriminate the performance of efficient firms. As an illustration, we apply the proposed models to the longitudinal data from a city bus company in Taiwan.