Virtualizing I/O Devices on VMware Workstation's Hosted Virtual Machine Monitor
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Scale and performance in the Denali isolation kernel
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Understanding The Linux Kernel
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ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
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A virtualized system consists of a couple of independent and isolated software components such as hypervisor, control domain, and virtual machines, which leads I/O requests to be processed across several protection domains. These complicated interdomain interactions frequently results in I/O performance degradation and fairness violation. In this paper, we propose a new virtualization-aware fine-grained I/O analysis framework and observe I/O behavior in a multimodal and multidimensional viewpoint. Our observations reveal that fairness is not preserved at various layers due to the combination of diverse causes including I/O scheduling and CPU scheduling. Also, some mechanisms that worked well in a non-virtualized system do not match well with a virtualized system, which contributes the unfairness. The observations trigger us to devise a simple fairness enforce technique that exploits the reservation and limit concepts to balance the I/O bandwidth shares among virtual machines. Real implementation based experimental results have shown that our proposal can enhance I/O fairness without considerable overheads.