Disco: running commodity operating systems on scalable multiprocessors
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Performance and scalability of EJB applications
OOPSLA '02 Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
Xen and the art of virtualization
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Memory resource management in VMware ESX server
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
Scalability, fidelity, and containment in the potemkin virtual honeyfarm
Proceedings of the twentieth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Adaptive main memory compression
ATEC '05 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
QEMU, a fast and portable dynamic translator
ATEC '05 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Redundancy elimination within large collections of files
ATEC '04 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
GLIMPSE: a tool to search through entire file systems
WTEC'94 Proceedings of the USENIX Winter 1994 Technical Conference on USENIX Winter 1994 Technical Conference
lmbench: portable tools for performance analysis
ATEC '96 Proceedings of the 1996 annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
The case for compressed caching in virtual memory systems
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Modern Operating Systems
Memory buddies: exploiting page sharing for smart colocation in virtualized data centers
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
Memory resource allocation for file system prefetching: from a supply chain management perspective
Proceedings of the 4th ACM European conference on Computer systems
The effectiveness of deduplication on virtual machine disk images
SYSTOR '09 Proceedings of SYSTOR 2009: The Israeli Experimental Systems Conference
A Live Storage Migration Mechanism over WAN for Relocatable Virtual Machine Services on Clouds
CCGRID '09 Proceedings of the 2009 9th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid
Memory buddies: exploiting page sharing for smart colocation in virtualized data centers
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
PSMalloc: content based memory management for MPI applications
Proceedings of the 10th workshop on MEmory performance: DEaling with Applications, systems and architecture
Virtually eliminating router bugs
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Emerging networking experiments and technologies
Efficient resource provisioning in compute clouds via VM multiplexing
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Autonomic computing
On the DMA mapping problem in direct device assignment
Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Haifa Experimental Systems Conference
I/O Deduplication: Utilizing content similarity to improve I/O performance
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
Enabling Instantaneous Relocation of Virtual Machines with a Lightweight VMM Extension
CCGRID '10 Proceedings of the 2010 10th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing
I/O deduplication: utilizing content similarity to improve I/O performance
FAST'10 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
HotCloud'09 Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Hot topics in cloud computing
Satori: enlightened page sharing
USENIX'09 Proceedings of the 2009 conference on USENIX Annual technical conference
LiteGreen: saving energy in networked desktops using virtualization
USENIXATC'10 Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference
FlashVM: virtual memory management on flash
USENIXATC'10 Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference
USENIXATC'10 Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference
Moving from logical sharing of guest OS to physical sharing of deduplication on virtual machine
HotSec'10 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX conference on Hot topics in security
SnowFlock: Virtual Machine Cloning as a First-Class Cloud Primitive
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Virtual Snooping: Filtering Snoops in Virtualized Multi-cores
MICRO '43 Proceedings of the 2010 43rd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Rethinking the library OS from the top down
Proceedings of the sixteenth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Fast and space-efficient virtual machine checkpointing
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
Overdriver: handling memory overload in an oversubscribed cloud
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
FAST'11 Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on File and stroage technologies
DieCast: Testing Distributed Systems with an Accurate Scale Model
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Kaleidoscope: cloud micro-elasticity via VM state coloring
Proceedings of the sixth conference on Computer systems
Memory deduplication as a threat to the guest OS
Proceedings of the Fourth European Workshop on System Security
Sharing-aware algorithms for virtual machine colocation
Proceedings of the twenty-third annual ACM symposium on Parallelism in algorithms and architectures
Live gang migration of virtual machines
Proceedings of the 20th international symposium on High performance distributed computing
Secure data preservers forweb services
WebApps'11 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX conference on Web application development
Euro-Par'11 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Parallel processing - Volume Part I
Opportunistic flooding to improve TCP transmit performance in virtualized clouds
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing
Breaking up is hard to do: security and functionality in a commodity hypervisor
SOSP '11 Proceedings of the Twenty-Third ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
SOSP '11 Proceedings of the Twenty-Third ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
Improving robustness of DNS to software vulnerabilities
Proceedings of the 27th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
VSim: Simulating multi-server setups at near native hardware speed
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO) - HIPEAC Papers
HICAMP: architectural support for efficient concurrency-safe shared structured data access
ASPLOS XVII Proceedings of the seventeenth international conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
Architectural support for secure virtualization under a vulnerable hypervisor
Proceedings of the 44th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
The Xen-Blanket: virtualize once, run everywhere
Proceedings of the 7th ACM european conference on Computer Systems
HotCloud'11 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX conference on Hot topics in cloud computing
Accelerating the cloud with heterogeneous computing
HotCloud'11 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX conference on Hot topics in cloud computing
Group-Based memory deduplication for virtualized clouds
Euro-Par'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Parallel Processing - Volume 2
Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on Virtualization Technologies in Distributed Computing Date
Inter-rack live migration of multiple virtual machines
Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on Virtualization Technologies in Distributed Computing Date
The resource-as-a-service (RaaS) cloud
HotCloud'12 Proceedings of the 4th USENIX conference on Hot Topics in Cloud Ccomputing
An empirical study of memory sharing in virtual machines
USENIX ATC'12 Proceedings of the 2012 USENIX conference on Annual Technical Conference
Fine-grained I/O fairness analysis in virtualized environments
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Research in Applied Computation Symposium
Introspection-based memory de-duplication and migration
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
Traveling forward in time to newer operating systems using ShadowReboot
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
Leveraging phase change memory to achieve efficient virtual machine execution
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
Tradeoffs in compressing virtual machine checkpoints
Proceedings of the 7th international workshop on Virtualization technologies in distributed computing
Onion and pizza: new disk partitioning schemes for virtualization systems
Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
Embassies: radically refactoring the web
nsdi'13 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
Protocol Responsibility Offloading to Improve TCP Throughput in Virtualized Environments
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Read-Performance Optimization for Deduplication-Based Storage Systems in the Cloud
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
MiG: efficient migration of desktop VMs using semantic compression
USENIX ATC'13 Proceedings of the 2013 USENIX conference on Annual Technical Conference
Mortar: filling the gaps in data center memory
Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
CMD: classification-based memory deduplication through page access characteristics
Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
Group-based memory oversubscription for virtualized clouds
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
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Virtual machine monitors (VMMs) are a popular platform for Internet hosting centers and cloud-based compute services. By multiplexing hardware resources among virtual machines (VMs) running commodity operating systems, VMMs decrease both the capital outlay and management overhead of hosting centers. Appropriate placement and migration policies can take advantage of statistical multiplexing to effectively utilize available processors. However, main memory is not amenable to such multiplexing and is often the primary bottleneck in achieving higher degrees of consolidation. Previous efforts have shown that content-based page sharing provides modest decreases in the memory footprint of VMs running similar operating systems and applications. Our studies show that significant additional gains can be had by leveraging both sub-page level sharing (through page patching) and in-core memory compression. We build Difference Engine, an extension to the Xen virtual machine monitor, to support each of these--in addition to standard copy-on-write full page sharing--and demonstrate substantial savings not only between VMs running similar applications and operating systems (up to 90%), but even across VMs running disparate workloads (up to 65%). In head-to-head memory-savings comparisons, Difference Engine outperforms VMware ESX server by a factor of 1.5 for homogeneous workloads and by a factor of 1.6-2.5 for heterogeneous workloads. In all cases, the performance overhead of Difference Engine is less than 7%.