A survey of process migration mechanisms
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Managing energy and server resources in hosting centers
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
WMCSA '02 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications
Memory resource management in VMware ESX server
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
Making scheduling "cool": temperature-aware workload placement in data centers
ATEC '05 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Live migration of virtual machines
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
Live wide-area migration of virtual machines including local persistent state
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Virtual execution environments
VirtualPower: coordinated power management in virtualized enterprise systems
Proceedings of twenty-first ACM SIGOPS symposium on Operating systems principles
Redundancy in network traffic: findings and implications
Proceedings of the eleventh international joint conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Somniloquy: augmenting network interfaces to reduce PC energy usage
NSDI'09 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX symposium on Networked systems design and implementation
Skilled in the art of being idle: reducing energy waste in networked systems
NSDI'09 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX symposium on Networked systems design and implementation
Greener PCs for the Enterprise
IT Professional
Delivering energy proportionality with non energy-proportional systems: optimizing the ensemble
HotPower'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Power aware computing and systems
Energy aware consolidation for cloud computing
HotPower'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Power aware computing and systems
EndRE: an end-system redundancy elimination service for enterprises
NSDI'10 Proceedings of the 7th USENIX conference on Networked systems design and implementation
Difference engine: harnessing memory redundancy in virtual machines
OSDI'08 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on Operating systems design and implementation
Sleepless in seattle no longer
USENIXATC'10 Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference
GPU virtualization on VMware's hosted I/O architecture
WIOV'08 Proceedings of the First conference on I/O virtualization
Black-box and gray-box strategies for virtual machine migration
NSDI'07 Proceedings of the 4th USENIX conference on Networked systems design & implementation
Sleepless in seattle no longer
USENIXATC'10 Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference
The case for energy-oriented partial desktop migration
HotCloud'10 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX conference on Hot topics in cloud computing
SideCar: building programmable datacenter networks without programmable switches
Hotnets-IX Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks
Declarative automated cloud resource orchestration
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing
Parasite: A System for Energy Saving with Performance Improvement in Networked Desktops
GREENCOM '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Green Computing and Communications
Jettison: efficient idle desktop consolidation with partial VM migration
Proceedings of the 7th ACM european conference on Computer Systems
Energy measurement of web service
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Future Energy Systems: Where Energy, Computing and Communication Meet
Don't lose sleep over availability: the GreenUp decentralized wakeup service
NSDI'12 Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
Components mobility for energy efficiency of digital home
Proceedings of the 16th International ACM Sigsoft symposium on Component-based software engineering
Resource availability based performance benchmarking of virtual machine migrations
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering
Energy-driven consolidation in digital home
Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
Agile, efficient virtualization power management with low-latency server power states
Proceedings of the 40th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
Optimizing VM checkpointing for restore performance in VMware ESXi
USENIX ATC'13 Proceedings of the 2013 USENIX conference on Annual Technical Conference
MiG: efficient migration of desktop VMs using semantic compression
USENIX ATC'13 Proceedings of the 2013 USENIX conference on Annual Technical Conference
Analysis of virtual machine live-migration as a method for power-capping
The Journal of Supercomputing
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To reduce energy wastage by idle desktop computers in enterprise environments, the typical approach is to put a computer to sleep during long idle periods (e.g., overnight), with a proxy employed to reduce user disruption by maintaining the computer's network presence at some minimal level. However, the Achilles' heel of the proxy-based approach is the inherent trade-off between the functionality of maintaining network presence and the complexity of application-specific customization. We present LiteGreen, a system to save desktop energy by virtualizing the user's desktop computing environment as a virtual machine (VM) and then migrating it between the user's physical desktop machine and a VM server, depending on whether the desktop computing environment is being actively used or is idle. Thus, the user's desktop environment is "always on", maintaining its network presence fully even when the user's physical desktop machine is switched off and thereby saving energy. This seamless operation allows LiteGreen to save energy during short idle periods as well (e.g., coffee breaks), which is shown to be significant according to our analysis of over 65,000 hours of data gathered from 120 desktop machines. We have prototyped LiteGreen on the Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisor. Our findings from a small-scale deployment comprising over 3200 user-hours of the system as well as from laboratory experiments and simulation analysis are very promising, with energy savings of 72-74% with LiteGreen compared to 32% with existing Windows and manual power management.