Xen and the art of virtualization
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Live migration of virtual machines
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
VMware ESX Server in the Enterprise: Planning and Securing Virtualization Servers
VMware ESX Server in the Enterprise: Planning and Securing Virtualization Servers
pMapper: power and migration cost aware application placement in virtualized systems
Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Conference on Middleware
Entropy: a consolidation manager for clusters
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
LiteGreen: saving energy in networked desktops using virtualization
USENIXATC'10 Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference
Predicting the Performance of Virtual Machine Migration
MASCOTS '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems
Virt-LM: a benchmark for live migration of virtual machine
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance engineering
Black-box and gray-box strategies for virtual machine migration
NSDI'07 Proceedings of the 4th USENIX conference on Networked systems design & implementation
Performance and energy modeling for live migration of virtual machines
Proceedings of the 20th international symposium on High performance distributed computing
A multi-objective approach to virtual machine management in datacenters
Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Autonomic computing
CLOUD '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 4th International Conference on Cloud Computing
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Virtual machine migration enables load balancing, hot spot mitigation and server consolidation in virtualized environments. Live VM migration can be of two types - adaptive, in which the rate of page transfer adapts to virtual machine behaviour (mainly page dirty rate), and non-adaptive, in which the VM pages are transferred at a maximum possible network rate. In either method, migration requires a significant amount of CPU and network resources, which can seriously impact the performance of both the VM being migrated as well as other VMs. This calls for building a good understanding of the performance of migration itself and the resource needs of migration. Such an understanding can help select the appropriate VMs for migration while at the same time allocating the appropriate amount of resources for migration. While several empirical studies exist, a comprehensive evaluation of migration techniques with resource availability constraints is missing. As a result, it is not clear as to which migration technique to employ under a given set of conditions. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive empirical study to understand the sensitivity of migration performance to resource availability and other system parameters (like page dirty rate and VM size). The empirical study (with the Xen Hypervisor) reveals several shortcomings of the migration process. We propose several fixes and develop the Improved Live Migration technique (ILM) to overcome these shortcomings. Over a set of workloads used to evaluate ILM, the network traffic for migration was reduced by 14-93% and the migration time was reduced by 34-87% compared to the vanilla live migration technique. We also quantified the impact of migration on the performance of applications running on the migrating VM and other co-located VMs.