Conditional Random Fields: Probabilistic Models for Segmenting and Labeling Sequence Data
ICML '01 Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Kernel conditional random fields: representation and clique selection
ICML '04 Proceedings of the twenty-first international conference on Machine learning
A Dynamic Texture-Based Approach to Recognition of Facial Actions and Their Temporal Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Structured output ordinal regression for dynamic facial emotion intensity prediction
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on computer vision conference on Computer vision: Part III
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Fully Automatic Recognition of the Temporal Phases of Facial Actions
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
CVPR '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
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We consider the problem of automated recognition of temporal segments (neutral, onset, apex and offset) of Facial Action Units. To this end, we propose the Laplacian-regularized Kernel Conditional Ordinal Random Field model. In contrast to standard modeling approaches to recognition of AUs' temporal segments, which treat each segment as an independent class, the proposed model takes into account ordinal relations between the segments. The experimental results evidence the effectiveness of such an approach.