Human factors in programming and software development
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IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
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ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) - Special issue on human-computer interaction in the new millennium, Part 1
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A Survey of Controlled Experiments in Software Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
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ICSE '07 Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Software Engineering
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Proceedings of the Second ACM-IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering and measurement
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ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes
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ICDHM '09 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Digital Human Modeling: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
A Reduction of Grid-Bag Layout to Auckland Layout
ASWEC '10 Proceedings of the 2010 21st Australian Software Engineering Conference
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VLHCC '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing
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ICPC '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 19th International Conference on Program Comprehension
Constraint solving for beautiful user interfaces: how solving strategies support layout aesthetics
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference of the NZ Chapter of the ACM's Special Interest Group on Human-Computer Interaction
Extending Linear Relaxation for User Interface Layout
ICTAI '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 24th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence - Volume 01
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While the usability of GUI design methods has been studied in general, the usability of layout specification methods is largely unexplored. In this paper we provide an empirical comparison of two popular GUI layout models, grid-bag layout and constraint-based layout. While the grid-bag layout is a powerful layout model, the constraint-based layout is able to generate even more general and flexible layout configurations. We performed a controlled experiment with postgraduate students of Computer Science and Software Engineering, measuring efficiency, accuracy and preference for typical layout specification and editing tasks. The results show significant differences between both layout models: the initial specification of GUIs is faster with a grid-bag layout whereas editing of existing complex layouts is faster and more accurate with a constraint-based layout. The study shows that constraint-based layout, although it may seem more complicated at first glance, can compete with and in some cases even outperform more conventional techniques in terms of their usability.