Algorithms for clustering data
Algorithms for clustering data
Readings in information visualization: using vision to think
Readings in information visualization: using vision to think
OPTICS: ordering points to identify the clustering structure
SIGMOD '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Hierarchical parallel coordinates for exploration of large datasets
VIS '99 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '99: celebrating ten years
Information visualization in data mining and knowledge discovery
Information visualization in data mining and knowledge discovery
Introduction to algorithms
Clustering Algorithms
Graph Drawing: Algorithms for the Visualization of Graphs
Graph Drawing: Algorithms for the Visualization of Graphs
XmdvTool: integrating multiple methods for visualizing multivariate data
VIS '94 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '94
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
IV '04 Proceedings of the Information Visualisation, Eighth International Conference
Uncovering Clusters in Crowded Parallel Coordinates Visualizations
INFOVIS '04 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization
Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques
Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques
Revealing Structure within Clustered Parallel Coordinates Displays
INFOVIS '05 Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization
Revealing structure in visualizations of dense 2D and 3D parallel coordinates
Information Visualization
Illustrative parallel coordinates
EuroVis'08 Proceedings of the 10th Joint Eurographics / IEEE - VGTC conference on Visualization
Interactive visual analysis of temporal cluster structures
EuroVis'11 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics / IEEE - VGTC conference on Visualization
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Visual analytics of multidimensional multivariate data is a challenging task because of the difficulty in understanding metrics in attribute spaces with more than three dimensions. Frequently, the analysis goal is not to look into individual records but to understand the distribution of the records at large and to find clusters of records with similar attribute values. A large number of (typically hierarchical) clustering algorithms have been developed to group individual records to clusters of statistical significance. However, only few visualization techniques exist for further exploring and understanding the clustering results. We propose visualization and interaction methods for analyzing individual clusters as well as cluster distribution within and across levels in the cluster hierarchy. We also provide a clustering method that operates on density rather than individual records. To not restrict our search for clusters, we compute density in the given multidimensional multivariate space. Clusters are formed by areas of high density. We present an approach that automatically computes a hierarchical tree of high density clusters. To visually represent the cluster hierarchy, we present a 2D radial layout that supports an intuitive understanding of the distribution structure of the multidimensional multivariate data set. Individual clusters can be explored interactively using parallel coordinates when being selected in the cluster tree. Furthermore, we integrate circular parallel coordinates into the radial hierarchical cluster tree layout, which allows for the analysis of the overall cluster distribution. This visual representation supports the comprehension of the relations between clusters and the original attributes. The combination of the 2D radial layout and the circular parallel coordinates is used to overcome the overplotting problem of parallel coordinates when looking into data sets with many records. We apply an automatic coloring scheme based on the 2D radial layout of the hierarchical cluster tree encoding hue, saturation, and value of the HSV color space. The colors support linking the 2D radial layout to other views such as the standard parallel coordinates or, in case data is obtained from multidimensional spatial data, the distribution in object space.