Animation of dynamic legged locomotion
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Beyond keyframing: an algorithmic approach to animation
Proceedings of the conference on Graphics interface '92
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Limit cycle control and its application to the animation of balancing and walking
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Adapting simulated behaviors for new characters
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Composable controllers for physics-based character animation
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Motion capture-driven simulations that hit and react
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Practical parameterization of rotations using the exponential map
Journal of Graphics Tools
Multiobjective control with frictional contacts
SCA '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
SIMBICON: simple biped locomotion control
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Simulating biped behaviors from human motion data
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Continuation methods for adapting simulated skills
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Synthesis of constrained walking skills
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Theory of Applied Robotics: Kinematics, Dynamics, and Control
Theory of Applied Robotics: Kinematics, Dynamics, and Control
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Contact-aware nonlinear control of dynamic characters
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Optimizing walking controllers
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
Robust task-based control policies for physics-based characters
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
Simultaneous tracking and balancing of humanoid robots for imitating human motion capture data
IROS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/RSJ international conference on Intelligent robots and systems
Robust physics-based locomotion using low-dimensional planning
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Terrain-adaptive bipedal locomotion control
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Optimizing walking controllers for uncertain inputs and environments
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Optimal feedback control for character animation using an abstract model
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Generalized biped walking control
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Feature-based locomotion controllers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Goal-directed stepping with momentum control
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Articulated swimming creatures
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Locomotion skills for simulated quadrupeds
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Composite control of physically simulated characters
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Modal-space control for articulated characters
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
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We present a framework for controlling physics-based bipeds in a simulated environment, based on a variety of reference motions. Unlike existing methods for control based on reference motions, our framework does not require preprocessing of the reference motion, nor does it rely on inverse dynamics or on-line optimization methods for torque computation. It consists of three components: Proportional-Derivative Control to mimic motion characteristics, a specific form of Jacobian Transpose Control for balance control, and Covariance Matrix Adaption for off-line parameter optimization, based on a novel high-level reward function. The framework can easily be implemented using common off-the-shelf physics engines, and generates simulations at approximately 4x realtime on a single core of a modern PC. Our framework advances the state-of-the-art by demonstrating motions of a diversity and dynamic nature previously unseen in comparable methods, including squatting, bowing, kicking, and dancing motions. We also demonstrate its ability to withstand external perturbations and adapt to changes in character morphology.