The broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
An analysis of a large scale habitat monitoring application
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
SODA: A Low-power Architecture For Software Radio
Proceedings of the 33rd annual international symposium on Computer Architecture
How public key cryptography influences wireless sensor node lifetime
Proceedings of the fourth ACM workshop on Security of ad hoc and sensor networks
WARP, a Unified Wireless Network Testbed for Education and Research
MSE '07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Systems Education
An experimental study of network performance impact of increased latency in software defined radios
Proceedings of the second ACM international workshop on Wireless network testbeds, experimental evaluation and characterization
Sora: high performance software radio using general purpose multi-core processors
NSDI'09 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX symposium on Networked systems design and implementation
Enabling MAC protocol implementations on software-defined radios
NSDI'09 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX symposium on Networked systems design and implementation
Putting the software radio on a low-calorie diet
Hotnets-IX Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks
Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
Realizing the future of wireless data communications
Communications of the ACM
Floodcasting, a data dissemination service supporting real-time actuation and control
Proceeding of the 11th annual international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Understanding the effects of carrier frequency difference in concurrent transmission
Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
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Most modern software-defined radios are large, expensive, and power-hungry, and this diminishes their utility in low-power, size-constrained settings like sensor networks and mobile computing. We explore the viability of scaling down the software radio in size, cost, and power, and show that an index card-sized, sub-$150, 'AA' battery-powered system is possible using off-the-shelf components. Key to our approach is that we leverage an integrated, reconfigurable, flash-based FPGA with a hard ARM Cortex-M3 microprocessor which simultaneously enables lower power and tighter hardware/software integration than prior designs. This architecture allows us to implement timing-critical MAC protocols and validate the speculated performance of several recent MAC/PHY primitives and protocols including Backcast, A-MAC, and Glossy using an IEEE 802.15.4-compliant radio implementation that interoperates with commercial radios. The work also identifies several enhancements in the underlying hardware components that could improve power, performance, and flexibility.