Algorithmic Solutions for Envy-Free Cake Cutting

  • Authors:
  • Xiaotie Deng;Qi Qi;Amin Saberi

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom/ and Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;Department of Industrial Engineering and Logistics Management, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong;Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305

  • Venue:
  • Operations Research
  • Year:
  • 2012

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Abstract

We study the problem of finding an envy-free allocation of a cake to d + 1 players using d cuts. Two models are considered, namely, the oracle-function model and the polynomial-time function model. In the oracle-function model, we are interested in the number of times an algorithm has to query the players about their preferences to find an allocation with the envy less than ε. We derive a matching lower and upper bound of θ1/εd-1 for players with Lipschitz utilities and any d 1. In the polynomial-time function model, where the utility functions are given explicitly by polynomial-time algorithms, we show that the envy-free cake-cutting problem has the same complexity as finding a Brouwer's fixed point, or, more formally, it is PPAD-complete. On the flip side, for monotone utility functions, we propose a fully polynomial-time algorithm FPTAS to find an approximate envy-free allocation of a cake among three people using two cuts.