An inventory model embedded in designing a supply contract
Management Science
Backup agreements in fashion buying—the value of upstream flexibility
Management Science
Design of component-supply contract with commitment revision flexibility
IBM Journal of Research and Development
The Quantity Flexibility Contract and Supplier-Customer Incentives
Management Science
Quantity Flexibility Contracts and Supply Chain Performance
Manufacturing & Service Operations Management
Quantity flexibility contracts under Bayesian updating
Computers and Operations Research
Retailer-Supplier Flexible Commitments Contracts: A Robust Optimization Approach
Manufacturing & Service Operations Management
Contract analysis: A performance measures and profit evaluation within two-echelon supply chains
Computers and Industrial Engineering
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In this study, we analyze a decentralized supply chain with a single retailer and a single manufacturer where the retailer sells multiple products in a single period. The products differ in terms of a limited number of features only. The retailer places initial orders based on preliminary demand forecasts at the beginning of the period and has an opportunity to modify its initial order after receiving perfect demand information. However, the final orders of the retailer are constrained by its initial orders. The manufacturer has two options for procurement. The first procurement option is regular delivery at the beginning of the period, after the initial orders of the retailer. The next one is expedited delivery, after the updated orders are received. In this setting, our objective is to characterize the optimal policies for the retailer and the manufacturer, and assess the benefits of flexibility.