Modeling and Segmentation of Noisy and Textured Images Using Gibbs Random Fields
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
The quickhull algorithm for convex hulls
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)
Speechreading using probabilistic models
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on physics-based modeling and reasoning in computer vision
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Morphological Image Analysis: Principles and Applications
Morphological Image Analysis: Principles and Applications
An Approach to Statistical Lip Modelling for Speaker Identification via Chromatic Feature Extraction
ICPR '98 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition-Volume 1 - Volume 1
Computer Graphics and Geometric Modelling: Implementation & Algorithms
Computer Graphics and Geometric Modelling: Implementation & Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Digital Image Processing (3rd Edition)
Digital Image Processing (3rd Edition)
Real Time Tracking for 3D Realistic Lip Animation
ICPR '06 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 01
Robust lip region segmentation for lip images with complex background
Pattern Recognition
Statistical lip-appearance models trained automatically using audio information
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Colour and Geometric based Model for Lip Localisation: Application for Lip-reading System
ICIAP '07 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing
Automatically Determining the Number of Clusters in Unlabeled Data Sets
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Markov Random Field Modeling in Image Analysis
Markov Random Field Modeling in Image Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
Automatic lip contour extraction from color images
Pattern Recognition
A review of active appearance models
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
A unified tensor level set for image segmentation
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics - Special issue on game theory
Detecting the Number of Clusters in n-Way Probabilistic Clustering
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A multi-layer MRF model for video object segmentation
ACCV'06 Proceedings of the 7th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part II
Audio-visual speech modeling for continuous speech recognition
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
A Relay Level Set Method for Automatic Image Segmentation
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Segmentation of color lip images by spatial fuzzy clustering
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
Stochastic Relaxation, Gibbs Distributions, and the Bayesian Restoration of Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Lip image segmentation using fuzzy clustering incorporating an elliptic shape function
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Nonlinear color space and spatiotemporal MRF for hierarchical segmentation of face features in video
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Discriminative Analysis of Lip Motion Features for Speaker Identification and Speech-Reading
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A Segmentation Model Using Compound Markov Random Fields Based on a Boundary Model
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Rival penalized competitive learning for clustering analysis, RBF net, and curve detection
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
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This paper proposes a color lip segmentation method with unknown true segment number. Firstly, we build up a multi-layer hierarchical model, in which each layer corresponds to one segment cluster. Subsequently, a Markov random field derived from this model is obtained such that the segmentation problem is formulated as a labeling optimization problem under the maximum a posteriori Markov random field (MAP-MRF) framework. Suppose the pre-assigned number of segment clusters may over-estimate the ground truth, whereby leading to the over-segmentation. We present a rival penalized iterative algorithm capable of performing segment clusters and over-segmentation elimination simultaneously. Based upon this algorithm, we propose a lip segmentation and tracking scheme, featuring the robust performance to the estimate of the number of segment clusters. Experimental results show the efficacy of the proposed method in comparison with the existing counterparts.