ISSD-93 Selected papers presented at the international symposium on Spoken dialogue
The dual of denial: two uses of disconfirmations in dialogue and their prosodic correlates
Speech Communication - Dialogue and prosody
How to find trouble in communication
Speech Communication - Special issue on speech and emotion
Dialogue act modeling for automatic tagging and recognition of conversational speech
Computational Linguistics
Towards human-like spoken dialogue systems
Speech Communication
Creating Rapport with Virtual Agents
IVA '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Potential Benefits of Human-Like Dialogue Behaviour in the Call Routing Domain
PIT '08 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE tutorial and research workshop on Perception and Interactive Technologies for Speech-Based Systems: Perception in Multimodal Dialogue Systems
Coordination in conversation and rapport
EmbodiedNLP '07 Proceedings of the Workshop on Embodied Language Processing
Speaking without knowing what to say…or when to end
SIGdial '08 Proceedings of the 9th SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue
Modeling embodied feedback with virtual humans
ZiF'06 Proceedings of the Embodied communication in humans and machines, 2nd ZiF research group international conference on Modeling communication with robots and virtual humans
SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT WITH ROBOTS AND AGENTS: INTRODUCTION
Applied Artificial Intelligence - Social Engagement with Robots and Agents
Towards conversational agents that attend to and adapt to communicative user feedback
IVA'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
Affirmative cue words in task-oriented dialogue
Computational Linguistics
Least squares quantization in PCM
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
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This paper proposes methods for exploring acoustic correlates to feedback functions. A sub-language of Swedish, simple productive feedback, is introduced to facilitate investigations of the functional contributions of base tokens, phonological operations and prosody. The function of feedback is to convey the listeners' attention, understanding and affective states. In order to handle the large number of possible affective states, the current study starts by performing a listening experiment where humans annotated the functional similarity of feedback tokens with different prosodic realizations. By selecting a set of stimuli that had different prosodic distances from a reference token, it was possible to compute a generalised functional distance measure. The resulting generalised functional distance measure showed to be correlated to prosodic distance but the correlations varied as a function of base tokens and phonological operations. In a subsequent listening test, a small representative sample of feedback tokens were rated for understanding, agreement, interest, surprise and certainty. These ratings were found to explain a significant proportion of the generalised functional distance. By combining the acoustic analysis with an explorative visualisation of the prosody, we have established a map between human perception of similarity between feedback tokens, their measured distance in acoustic space, and the link to the perception of the function of feedback tokens with varying realisations.