Laplacian Eigenmaps for dimensionality reduction and data representation
Neural Computation
Two-Dimensional PCA: A New Approach to Appearance-Based Face Representation and Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Principal Manifolds and Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction via Tangent Space Alignment
SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Neighborhood Preserving Embedding
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Unsupervised learning of image manifolds by semidefinite programming
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Face recognition by independent component analysis
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
MPCA: Multilinear Principal Component Analysis of Tensor Objects
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
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In this paper, Local Tensor Subspace Alignment algorithm (LTESA) is proposed to explore the substantial geometry of image manifold by regarding images as tensor objects. LTESA characterizes local geometry of tensor in local tensor subspace with rank-one tensor approximation, then align the local tensor subspaces to achieve a global low-dimensional representation for images. LTESA obtains the intrinsic latent variables of image through nonlinear dimensionality and achieves compactness of image representation in vector form. Moreover, Landmark-LTESA is proposed to reduce computational complexity of LTESA and a generalization version of LTESA is proposed to solve the out-of-sample problem for image feature extraction. LTESA is evaluated in applications of data visualization for face images and face recognition. Experimental results suggest that the proposed approaches provide a strong capability of detecting complex image manifold and is effective on unsupervised nonlinear feature extraction of image.