Pellet: A practical OWL-DL reasoner
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
Laconic and Precise Justifications in OWL
ISWC '08 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on The Semantic Web
A model-driven approach for representing clinical archetypes for Semantic Web environments
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Binding ontologies and coding systems to electronic health records and messages
Applied Ontology - Biomedical Ontology in Action
An approach for the semantic interoperability of ISO EN 13606 and OpenEHR archetypes
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Integrating reasoning and clinical archetypes using OWL ontologies and SWRL rules
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
An OWL-DL ontology for the HL7 reference information model
ICOST'11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Toward useful services for elderly and people with disabilities: smart homes and health telematics
A methodological approach for ontologising and aligning health level seven (HL7) applications
ARES'11 Proceedings of the IFIP WG 8.4/8.9 international cross domain conference on Availability, reliability and security for business, enterprise and health information systems
FaCT++ description logic reasoner: system description
IJCAR'06 Proceedings of the Third international joint conference on Automated Reasoning
Clinical data interoperability based on archetype transformation
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Development of the nursing problem list subset of SNOMED CT®
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Engineering use cases for modular development of ontologies in OWL
Applied Ontology - Modularity in Ontologies
Exploring interoperability approaches and challenges in healthcare data exchange
ICSH'13 Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Smart Health
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Some modern Electronic Healthcare Record (EHR) architectures and standards are based on the dual model-based architecture, which defines two conceptual levels: reference model and archetype model. Such architectures represent EHR domain knowledge by means of archetypes, which are considered by many researchers to play a fundamental role for the achievement of semantic interoperability in healthcare. Consequently, formal methods for validating archetypes are necessary. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in exploring how semantic web technologies in general, and ontologies in particular, can facilitate the representation and management of archetypes, including binding to terminologies, but no solution based on such technologies has been provided to date to validate archetypes. Our approach represents archetypes by means of OWL ontologies. This permits to combine the two levels of the dual model-based architecture in one modeling framework which can also integrate terminologies available in OWL format. The validation method consists of reasoning on those ontologies to find modeling errors in archetypes: incorrect restrictions over the reference model, non-conformant archetype specializations and inconsistent terminological bindings. The archetypes available in the repositories supported by the openEHR Foundation and the NHS Connecting for Health Program, which are the two largest publicly available ones, have been analyzed with our validation method. For such purpose, we have implemented a software tool called Archeck. Our results show that around 1/5 of archetype specializations contain modeling errors, the most common mistakes being related to coded terms and terminological bindings. The analysis of each repository reveals that different patterns of errors are found in both repositories. This result reinforces the need for making serious efforts in improving archetype design processes.