A rate-adaptive MAC protocol for multi-Hop wireless networks
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Opportunistic media access for multirate ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
IEEE 802.11 rate adaptation: a practical approach
MSWiM '04 Proceedings of the 7th ACM international symposium on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Robust rate adaptation for 802.11 wireless networks
Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Energy consumption in mobile phones: a measurement study and implications for network applications
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Anatomizing application performance differences on smartphones
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
An analysis of power consumption in a smartphone
USENIXATC'10 Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference
Bartendr: a practical approach to energy-aware cellular data scheduling
Proceedings of the sixteenth annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
CODES/ISSS '10 Proceedings of the eighth IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Characterizing radio resource allocation for 3G networks
IMC '10 Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
A first look at traffic on smartphones
IMC '10 Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Fine-grained power modeling for smartphones using system call tracing
Proceedings of the sixth conference on Computer systems
Profiling resource usage for mobile applications: a cross-layer approach
MobiSys '11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Bootstrapping energy debugging on smartphones: a first look at energy bugs in mobile devices
Proceedings of the 10th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks
Where is the energy spent inside my app?: fine grained energy accounting on smartphones with Eprof
Proceedings of the 7th ACM european conference on Computer Systems
A close examination of performance and power characteristics of 4G LTE networks
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Empowering developers to estimate app energy consumption
Proceedings of the 18th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Energy-based rate adaptation for 802.11n
Proceedings of the 18th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
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Despite the tremendous market penetration of smartphones, their utility has been and will remain severely limited by their battery life. A major source of smartphone battery drain is accessing the Internet over cellular or WiFi connection when running various apps and services. Despite much anecdotal evidence of smartphone users experiencing quicker battery drain in poor signal strength, there has been limited understanding of how often smartphone users experience poor signal strength and the quantitative impact of poor signal strength on the phone battery drain. The answers to such questions are essential for diagnosing and improving cellular network services and smartphone battery life and help to build more accurate online power models for smartphones, which are building blocks for energy profiling and optimization of smartphone apps. In this paper, we conduct the first measurement and modeling study of the impact of wireless signal strength on smartphone energy consumption. Our study makes four contributions. First, through analyzing traces collected on 3785 smartphones for at least one month, we show that poor signal strength of both 3G and WiFi is routinely experienced by smartphone users, both spatially and temporally. Second, we quantify the extra energy consumption on data transfer induced by poor wireless signal strength. Third, we develop a new power model for WiFi and 3G that incorporates the signal strength factor and significantly improves the modeling accuracy over the previous state of the art. Finally, we perform what-if analysis to quantify the potential energy savings from opportunistically delaying network traffic by exploring the dynamics of signal strength experienced by users.