Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Sharing Actions and Attributes in Modal Action Logic
TACS '91 Proceedings of the International Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Software
PVS: Combining Specification, Proof Checking, and Model Checking
CAV '96 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
Taming HAL: Designing Interfaces Beyond 2001
Taming HAL: Designing Interfaces Beyond 2001
Refinement for user interface designs
Formal Aspects of Computing
Interaction walkthrough: evaluation of safety critical interactive systems
DSVIS'06 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Interactive systems: Design, specification, and verification
User interface model discovery: towards a generic approach
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
Press On: Principles of Interaction Programming
Press On: Principles of Interaction Programming
Safety-assured development of the GPCA infusion pump software
EMSOFT '11 Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Embedded software
Redevelopment of an industrial case study using event-B and Rodin
FACS-FMI'07 Proceedings of the 2007th internatioanal conference on Formal Methods in Industry
Engineering works: what is (and is not) engineering for interactive computer systems?
Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
Analysing interactive devices based on information resource constraints
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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Medical device regulators such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) aim to make sure that medical devices are reasonably safe before entering the market. To expedite the approval process and make it more uniform and rigorous, regulators are considering the development of reference models that encapsulate safety requirements against which software incorporated in to medical devices must be verified. Safety, insofar as it relates to interactive systems and its regulation, is generally a neglected topic, particularly in the context of medical systems. An example is presented here that illustrates how the interactive behaviour of a commercial Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) infusion pump can be verified against a reference model. Infusion pumps are medical devices used in healthcare to deliver drugs to patients, and PCA pumps are particular infusion pump devices that are often used to provide pain relief to patients on demand. The reference model encapsulates the Generic PCA safety requirements provided by the FDA, and the verification is performed using a refinement approach. The contribution of this work is that it demonstrates a concise and semantically unambiguous approach to representing what a regulator's requirements for a particular interactive device might be, in this case focusing on user-interface requirements. It provides an inspectable and repeatable process for demonstrating that the requirements are satisfied. It has the potential to replace the considerable documentation produced at the moment by a succinct document that can be subjected to careful and systematic analysis.