SOAR: an architecture for general intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
Cognitive walkthroughs: a method for theory-based evaluation of user interfaces
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Patterns in property specifications for finite-state verification
Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Software engineering
Model Checking Interactor Specifications
Automated Software Engineering
CTTE: support for developing and analyzing task models for interactive system design
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Journal of Biomedical Informatics - Special issue: Human-centered computing in health information systems. Part 2: Evaluation
Resource-Based Models of Visual Interaction: Understanding Errors
VLHCC '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing
Systematic Analysis of Control Panel Interfaces Using Formal Tools
Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification
Resources for Situated Actions
Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification
Analyzing human-computer interaction as distributed cognition: the resources model
Human-Computer Interaction
Interaction engineering using the IVY tool
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
Verification-guided modelling of salience and cognitive load
Formal Aspects of Computing
Model checking publish-subscribe systems
SPIN'03 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Model checking software
Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering
Safety-assured development of the GPCA infusion pump software
EMSOFT '11 Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Embedded software
DiCoT: a methodology for applying distributed cognition to the design of teamworking systems
DSVIS'05 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Interactive Systems: design, specification, and verification
Supporting resource-based analysis of task information needs
DSVIS'05 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Interactive Systems: design, specification, and verification
Using PVS to investigate incidents through the lens of distributed cognition
NFM'12 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on NASA Formal Methods
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Supporting field investigators with PVS: a case study in the healthcare domain
SERENE'12 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems
HCI fieldwork in healthcare: creating a graduate guidebook
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
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Analysis of the usability of an interactive system requires both an understanding of how the system is to be used and a means of assessing the system against that understanding. Such analytic assessments are particularly important in safety-critical systems as latent vulnerabilities may exist which have negative consequences only in certain circumstances. Many existing approaches to assessment use tasks or scenarios to provide explicit representation of their understanding of use. These normative user behaviours have the advantage that they clarify assumptions about how the system will be used but have the disadvantage that they may exclude many plausible deviations from these norms. Assessments of how a design fails to support these user behaviours can be a matter of judgement based on individual experience rather than evidence. We present a systematic formal method for analysing interactive systems that is based on constraints rather than prescribed behaviour. These constraints capture precise assumptions about what information resources are used to perform action. These resources may either reside in the system itself or be external to the system. The approach is applied to two different medical device designs, comparing two infusion pumps currently in common use in hospitals. Comparison of the two devices is based on these resource assumptions to assess consistency of interaction within the design of each device.