A discrete control model of operator function: A methodology for information dislay design
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
Statecharts: A visual formalism for complex systems
Science of Computer Programming
Programmable user models for predictive evaluation of interface designs
CHI '89 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The UAN: a user-oriented representation for direct manipulation interface designs
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
The phenotype of erroneous actions
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
A formal technique for automated dialogue development
Proceedings of the 1st conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, & techniques
Using GOMS for user interface design and evaluation: which technique?
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Model checking graphical user interfaces using abstractions
ESEC '97/FSE-5 Proceedings of the 6th European SOFTWARE ENGINEERING conference held jointly with the 5th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering
Model Checking Interactor Specifications
Automated Software Engineering
Preventing user errors by systematic analysis of deviations from the system task model
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Validating interactive system design through the verification of formal task and system models
Proceedings of the IFIP TC2/WG2.7 Working Conference on Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction
A Review of Formalisms for Describing Interactive Behaviour
ICSE '94 Proceedings of the Workshop on Software Engineering and Human-Computer Interaction
ConcurTaskTrees: A Diagrammatic Notation for Specifying Task Models
INTERACT '97 Proceedings of the IFIP TC13 Interantional Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Proceedings of the Real-Time: Theory in Practice, REX Workshop
From a Formal User Model to Design Rules
DSV-IS '02 Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification
ACM '69 Proceedings of the 1969 24th national conference
Models of interactive systems: a case study on programmable user modelling
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Analyzing Interaction Orderings with Model Checking
Proceedings of the 19th IEEE international conference on Automated software engineering
A scalable formal method for design and automatic checking of user interfaces
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)
Formal and experimental validation approaches in HCI systems design based on a shared event B model
International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT)
An approach to formal verification of human–computer interaction
Formal Aspects of Computing
Formal Modelling of Salience and Cognitive Load
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
Systematic Analysis of Control Panel Interfaces Using Formal Tools
Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification
Resources for Situated Actions
Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification
AMBOSS: A Task Modeling Approach for Safety-Critical Systems
HCSE-TAMODIA '08 Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Human-Centered Software Engineering and 7th International Workshop on Task Models and Diagrams
Specifying and Analyzing Workflows for Automated Identification and Data Capture
HICSS '09 Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
Applying Graph Theory to Interaction Design
Engineering Interactive Systems
Interaction engineering using the IVY tool
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
Verification-guided modelling of salience and cognitive load
Formal Aspects of Computing
Enhanced operator function model: a generic human task behavior modeling language
SMC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
Integrating model checking and HCI tools to help designers verify user interface properties
DSV-IS'00 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Design, specification, and verification of interactive systems
Formal modelling of cognitive interpretation
DSVIS'06 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Interactive systems: Design, specification, and verification
Error patterns: systematic investigation of deviations in task models
TAMODIA'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Task models and diagrams for users interface design
User interface model discovery: towards a generic approach
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering
Model-Based Testing of Infotainment Systems on the Basis of a Graphical Human-Machine Interface
VALID '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Second International Conference on Advances in System Testing and Validation Lifecycle
Model-Driven Development of Advanced User Interfaces
Model-Driven Development of Advanced User Interfaces
Using task analytic behavior modeling, erroneous human behavior generation, and formal methods to evaluate the role of human-automation interaction in system failure
Learning system abstractions for human operators
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Machine Learning Technologies in Software Engineering
A Systematic Approach to Model Checking Human–Automation Interaction Using Task Analytic Models
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Analysing interactive devices based on information resource constraints
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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Breakdowns in complex systems often occur as a result of system elements interacting in unanticipated ways. In systems with human operators, human-automation interaction associated with both normative and erroneous human behavior can contribute to such failures. Model-driven design and analysis techniques provide engineers with formal methods tools and techniques capable of evaluating how human behavior can contribute to system failures. This paper presents a novel method for automatically generating task analytic models encompassing both normative and erroneous human behavior from normative task models. The generated erroneous behavior is capable of replicating Hollnagel's zero-order phenotypes of erroneous action for omissions, jumps, repetitions, and intrusions. Multiple phenotypical acts can occur in sequence, thus allowing for the generation of higher order phenotypes. The task behavior model pattern capable of generating erroneous behavior can be integrated into a formal system model so that system safety properties can be formally verified with a model checker. This allows analysts to prove that a human-automation interactive system (as represented by the model) will or will not satisfy safety properties with both normative and generated erroneous human behavior. We present benchmarks related to the size of the statespace and verification time of models to show how the erroneous human behavior generation process scales. We demonstrate the method with a case study: the operation of a radiation therapy machine. A potential problem resulting from a generated erroneous human action is discovered. A design intervention is presented which prevents this problem from occurring. We discuss how our method could be used to evaluate larger applications and recommend future paths of development.