Effects of color as an executional cue in advertising: they're in the shade
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Color-Defective Vision and Computer Graphics Displays
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Field Guide to Digital Color
Personalizable edge services for web accessibility
W4A '06 Proceedings of the 2006 international cross-disciplinary workshop on Web accessibility (W4A): Building the mobile web: rediscovering accessibility?
Automatic Mood-Transferring between Color Images
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
An Efficient Naturalness-Preserving Image-Recoloring Method for Dichromats
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Colour appeal in website design within and across cultures: A multi-method evaluation
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Web-page color modification for barrier-free color vision with genetic algorithm
GECCO'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation: PartII
Data-driven image color theme enhancement
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2010 papers
Visual content adaptation according to user perception characteristics
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
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Colours are an important part of user experiences on the Web. Colour schemes influence the aesthetics, first impressions and long-term engagement with websites. However, five percent of people perceive a subset of all colours because they have colour vision deficiency (CVD), resulting in an unequal and less-rich user experience on the Web. Traditionally, people with CVD have been supported by recolouring tools that improve colour differentiability, but do not consider the subjective properties of colour schemes while recolouring. To address this, we developed SPRWeb, a tool that recolours websites to preserve subjective responses and improve colour differentiability - thus enabling users with CVD to have similar online experiences. To develop SPRWeb, we extended existing models of non-CVD subjective responses to CVD, then used this extended model to steer the recolouring process. In a lab study, we found that SPRWeb did significantly better than a standard recolouring tool at preserving the temperature and naturalness of websites, while achieving similar weight and differentiability preservation. We also found that recolouring did not preserve activity, and hypothesize that visual complexity influences activity more than colour. SPRWeb is the first tool to automatically preserve the subjective and perceptual properties of website colour schemes thereby equalizing the colour-based web experience for people with CVD.