Wearable interfaces for orientation and wayfinding
Assets '00 Proceedings of the fourth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests
Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests
Drishti: An Integrated Indoor/Outdoor Blind Navigation System and Service
PERCOM '04 Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom'04)
SWAN: System for Wearable Audio Navigation
ISWC '07 Proceedings of the 2007 11th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Exploring User Requirements for Non-visual Mobile Navigation Systems
INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part I
Proceedings of the 11th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
VizWiz: nearly real-time answers to visual questions
UIST '10 Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Zebralocalizer: identification and localization of pedestrian crossings
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
Supporting spatial awareness and independent wayfinding for pedestrians with visual impairments
The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Auditory display design for exploration in mobile audio-augmented reality
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Uncovering information needs for independent spatial learning for users who are visually impaired
Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility
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Although multiple GPS-based navigation applications exist for the visually impaired, these are typically poorly suited for in-situ exploration, require cumbersome hardware, lack support for widely accessible geographic databases, or do not take advantage of advanced functionality such as spatialized audio rendering. These shortcomings led to our development of a novel spatial awareness application that leverages the capabilities of a smartphone coupled with worldwide geographic databases and spatialized audio rendering to convey surrounding points of interest. This paper describes the usability evaluation of our system through a task-based study and a longer-term deployment, each conducted with six blind users in real settings. The findings highlight the importance of testing in ecologically valid contexts over sufficient periods to face real-world challenges, including balancing quality versus quantity for audio information, overcoming limitations imposed by sensor accuracy and quality of database information, and paying appropriate design attention to physical interaction with the device.