Video Google: A Text Retrieval Approach to Object Matching in Videos
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 12 - Volume 12
Discovering Objects and their Localization in Images
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
A Maximum Entropy Framework for Part-Based Texture and Object Recognition
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
The Pyramid Match Kernel: Discriminative Classification with Sets of Image Features
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Beyond Bags of Features: Spatial Pyramid Matching for Recognizing Natural Scene Categories
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets
Neural Computation
Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning (Information Science and Statistics)
Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning (Information Science and Statistics)
k-means++: the advantages of careful seeding
SODA '07 Proceedings of the eighteenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Multilevel Image Coding with Hyperfeatures
International Journal of Computer Vision
Kernel Codebooks for Scene Categorization
ECCV '08 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision: Part III
ICML '09 Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning
Improving the fisher kernel for large-scale image classification
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part IV
Image classification using super-vector coding of local image descriptors
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part V
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Image analysis tasks such as classification, clustering, detection, and retrieval are only as good as the feature representation of the images they use. Much research in computer vision is focused on finding better or semantically richer image representations. Bag of visual Words (BoW) is a representation that has emerged as an effective one for a variety of computer vision tasks. BoW methods traditionally use low level features. We have devised a strategy to use these low level features to create ''higher level'' features by making use of the spatial context in images. In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical feature learning framework that uses a Naive Bayes Clustering algorithm to convert a 2-D symbolic image at one level to a 2-D symbolic image at the next level with richer features. On two popular datasets, Pascal VOC 2007 and Caltech 101, we empirically show that classification accuracy obtained from the hierarchical features computed using our approach is significantly higher than the traditional SIFT based BoW representation of images even though our image representations are more compact.