Perpetual environmentally powered sensor networks
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Design, Modeling, and Capacity Planning for Micro-solar Power Sensor Networks
IPSN '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Sun, wind and water flow as energy supply for small stationary data acquisition platforms
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Modular plug-and-play power resources for energy-aware wireless sensor nodes
SECON'09 Proceedings of the 6th Annual IEEE communications society conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks
Smart power unit with ultra low power radio trigger capabilities for wireless sensor networks
DATE '12 Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Modeling and implementation of energy neutral sensing systems
Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Energy Neutral Sensing Systems
GreenCastalia: an energy-harvesting-enabled framework for the Castalia simulator
Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Energy Neutral Sensing Systems
Heterogeneous multi-harvester for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Energy Neutral Sensing Systems
Powering wireless sensor nodes with micro fuel cells
Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Energy Neutral Sensing Systems
A rotating machine acoustic emission monitoring system powered by multi-source energy harvester
Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Energy Neutral Sensing Systems
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Energy harvesting allows low-power embedded devices to be powered from naturally-ocurring or unwanted environmental energy (e.g. light, vibration, or temperature difference). While a number of systems incorporating energy harvesters are now available commercially, they are specific to certain types of energy source. Energy availability can be a temporal as well as spatial effect. To address this issue, 'hybrid' energy harvesting systems combine multiple harvesters on the same platform, but the design of these systems is not straightforward. This paper surveys their design, including trade-offs affecting their efficiency, applicability, and ease of deployment. This survey, and the taxonomy of multi-source energy harvesting systems that it presents, will be of benefit to designers of future systems. Furthermore, we identify and comment upon the current and future research directions in this field.