Modern heuristic techniques for combinatorial problems
Modern heuristic techniques for combinatorial problems
Resource containers: a new facility for resource management in server systems
OSDI '99 Proceedings of the third symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Iterative Computer Algorithms with Applications in Engineering: Solving Combinatorial Optimization Problems
Energy conservation in heterogeneous server clusters
Proceedings of the tenth ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming
Bigtable: a distributed storage system for structured data
OSDI '06 Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation - Volume 7
Exploiting Platform Heterogeneity for Power Efficient Data Centers
ICAC '07 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomic Computing
Automatic resource specification generation for resource selection
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
Understanding and Designing New Server Architectures for Emerging Warehouse-Computing Environments
ISCA '08 Proceedings of the 35th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
PROPHET: goal-oriented provisioning for highly tunable multicore processors in cloud computing
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Cost-aware scheduling for heterogeneous enterprise machines (CASH'EM)
CLUSTER '07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing
Internet-scale service infrastructure efficiency
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Dynamic scheduling for heterogeneous Desktop Grids
GRID '08 Proceedings of the 2008 9th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing
Power routing: dynamic power provisioning in the data center
Proceedings of the fifteenth edition of ASPLOS on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Joint optimization of idle and cooling power in data centers while maintaining response time
Proceedings of the fifteenth edition of ASPLOS on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
An energy case for hybrid datacenters
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Q-clouds: managing performance interference effects for QoS-aware clouds
Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Computer systems
Towards characterizing cloud backend workloads: insights from Google compute clusters
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Web search using mobile cores: quantifying and mitigating the price of efficiency
Proceedings of the 37th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Energy proportional datacenter networks
Proceedings of the 37th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Improving MapReduce performance in heterogeneous environments
OSDI'08 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on Operating systems design and implementation
The impact of memory subsystem resource sharing on datacenter applications
Proceedings of the 38th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Heterogeneity in “Homogeneous” Warehouse-Scale Computers: A Performance Opportunity
IEEE Computer Architecture Letters
Tarazu: optimizing MapReduce on heterogeneous clusters
ASPLOS XVII Proceedings of the seventeenth international conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
Bubble-Up: increasing utilization in modern warehouse scale computers via sensible co-locations
Proceedings of the 44th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Compiling for niceness: mitigating contention for QoS in warehouse scale computers
Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization
Paragon: QoS-aware scheduling for heterogeneous datacenters
Proceedings of the eighteenth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
ReQoS: reactive static/dynamic compilation for QoS in warehouse scale computers
Proceedings of the eighteenth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Bubble-flux: precise online QoS management for increased utilization in warehouse scale computers
Proceedings of the 40th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
Quasar: resource-efficient and QoS-aware cluster management
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
QoS-Aware scheduling in heterogeneous datacenters with paragon
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
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Modern "warehouse scale computers" (WSCs) continue to be embraced as homogeneous computing platforms. However, due to frequent machine replacements and upgrades, modern WSCs are in fact composed of diverse commodity microarchitectures and machine configurations. Yet, current WSCs are architected with the assumption of homogeneity, leaving a potentially significant performance opportunity unexplored. In this paper, we expose and quantify the performance impact of the "homogeneity assumption" for modern production WSCs using industry-strength large-scale web-service workloads. In addition, we argue for, and evaluate the benefits of, a heterogeneity-aware WSC using commercial web-service production workloads including Google's web-search. We also identify key factors impacting the available performance opportunity when exploiting heterogeneity and introduce a new metric, opportunity factor, to quantify an application's sensitivity to the heterogeneity in a given WSC. To exploit heterogeneity in "homogeneous" WSCs, we propose "Whare-Map," the WSC Heterogeneity Aware Mapper that leverages already in-place continuous profiling subsystems found in production environments. When employing "Whare-Map", we observe a cluster-wide performance improvement of 15% on average over heterogeneity--oblivious job placement and up to an 80% improvement for web-service applications that are particularly sensitive to heterogeneity.