Utopia: a load sharing facility for large, heterogeneous distributed computer systems
Software—Practice & Experience
Locality-aware request distribution in cluster-based network servers
Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Cluster reserves: a mechanism for resource management in cluster-based network servers
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Efficiency vs. portability in cluster-based network servers
PPoPP '01 Proceedings of the eighth ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practices of parallel programming
Managing energy and server resources in hosting centers
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Hippodrome: Running Circles Around Storage Administration
FAST '02 Proceedings of the Conference on File and Storage Technologies
The case for power management in web servers
Power aware computing
Dynamic Load Balancing in Geographically Distributed Heterogeneous Web Servers
ICDCS '98 Proceedings of the The 18th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Distributed Packet Rewriting and its Application to Scalable Server Architectures
ICNP '98 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Network Protocols
Single-ISA Heterogeneous Multi-Core Architectures: The Potential for Processor Power Reduction
Proceedings of the 36th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Dynamic cluster reconfiguration for power and performance
Compilers and operating systems for low power
On evaluating request-distribution schemes for saving energy in server clusters
ISPASS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software
Model-based resource provisioning in a web service utility
USITS'03 Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 4
Energy conservation policies for web servers
USITS'03 Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 4
Scalable content-aware request distribution in cluster-based networks servers
ATEC '00 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Flash: an efficient and portable web server
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Energy-efficient server clusters
PACS'02 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Power-aware computer systems
Ensemble-level Power Management for Dense Blade Servers
Proceedings of the 33rd annual international symposium on Computer Architecture
Mercury and freon: temperature emulation and management for server systems
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Analyzing the Energy-Time Trade-Off in High-Performance Computing Applications
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
VirtualPower: coordinated power management in virtualized enterprise systems
Proceedings of twenty-first ACM SIGOPS symposium on Operating systems principles
Power-aware dynamic placement of HPC applications
Proceedings of the 22nd annual international conference on Supercomputing
Vpm tokens: virtual machine-aware power budgeting in datacenters
HPDC '08 Proceedings of the 17th international symposium on High performance distributed computing
Energy-aware server provisioning and load dispatching for connection-intensive internet services
NSDI'08 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
Multi-mode energy management for multi-tier server clusters
Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques
pMapper: power and migration cost aware application placement in virtualized systems
Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Conference on Middleware
Koala: a platform for OS-level power management
Proceedings of the 4th ACM European conference on Computer systems
VPM tokens: virtual machine-aware power budgeting in datacenters
Cluster Computing
DEEP-SaM - Energy-Efficient Provisioning Policies for Computing Environments
GECON '09 Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Grid Economics and Business Models
Energy-Efficient Process Allocation Algorithms in Peer-to-Peer Systems
SEUS '09 Proceedings of the 7th IFIP WG 10.2 International Workshop on Software Technologies for Embedded and Ubiquitous Systems
Auction resource allocation mechanisms in grids of heterogeneous computers
WSEAS Transactions on Computers
Joint optimization of idle and cooling power in data centers while maintaining response time
Proceedings of the fifteenth edition of ASPLOS on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Power optimization for dynamic configuration in heterogeneous web server clusters
Journal of Systems and Software
Introducing Scalileo: a Java based scaling framework
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Energy-Efficient Computing and Networking
A cyber-physical systems approach to energy management in data centers
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WattApp: an application aware power meter for shared data centers
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Autonomic computing
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Energy optimization schemes in cluster with virtual machines
Cluster Computing
A comparison of high-level full-system power models
HotPower'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Power aware computing and systems
CoolIT: coordinating facility and it management for efficient datacenters
HotPower'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Power aware computing and systems
JustRunIt: experiment-based management of virtualized data centers
USENIX'09 Proceedings of the 2009 conference on USENIX Annual technical conference
Server workload analysis for power minimization using consolidation
USENIX'09 Proceedings of the 2009 conference on USENIX Annual technical conference
Modelling of staged routing for reduced carbon footprints of large server clusters
International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems
Resource provisioning in SLA-based cluster computing
JSSPP'10 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Job scheduling strategies for parallel processing
Online availability upgrades for parity-based RAIDs through supplementary parity augmentations
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
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International Journal of Grid and Utility Computing
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BrownMap: enforcing power budget in shared data centers
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SSDBM'11 Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Scientific and statistical database management
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DreamWeaver: architectural support for deep sleep
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PERFORM'10 Proceedings of the 2010 IFIP WG 6.3/7.3 international conference on Performance Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems: milestones and future challenges
A methodology to predict the power consumption of servers in data centres
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Energy-Efficient Computing and Networking
HTCPNs---Based modelling and evaluation of dynamic computer cluster reconfiguration
CEE-SET'09 Proceedings of the 4th IFIP TC 2 Central and East European conference on Advances in Software Engineering Techniques
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Barely alive memory servers: Keeping data active in a low-power state
ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems (JETC)
Computers and Industrial Engineering
Power-aware resource allocation for CPU-and memory-intense internet services
E2DC'12 Proceedings of the First international conference on Energy Efficient Data Centers
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EPEW'12 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Computer Performance Engineering
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Information Processing Letters
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Computers and Electrical Engineering
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Power-aware optimization for heterogeneous multi-tier clusters
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
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The previous research on cluster-based servers has focused on homogeneous systems. However, real-life clusters are almost invariably heterogeneous in terms of the performance, capacity, and power consumption of their hardware components. In this paper, we argue that designing efficient servers for heterogeneous clusters requires defining an efficiency metric, modeling the different types of nodes with respect to the metric, and searching for request distributions that optimize the metric. To concretely illustrate this process, we design a cooperative Web server for a heterogeneous cluster that uses modeling and optimization to minimize the energy consumed per request. Our experimental results for a cluster comprised of traditional and blade nodes show that our server can consume 42% less energy than an energy-oblivious server, with only a negligible loss in throughput. The results also show that our server conserves 45% more energy than an energy-conscious server that was previously proposed for homogeneous clusters.