Web server workload characterization: the search for invariants
Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Effects of communication latency, overhead, and bandwidth in a cluster architecture
Proceedings of the 24th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Summary cache: a scalable wide-area Web cache sharing protocol
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Locality-aware request distribution in cluster-based network servers
Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Scheduling optimization for resource-intensive Web requests on server clusters
Proceedings of the eleventh annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architectures
Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
A scalable and highly available web server
COMPCON '96 Proceedings of the 41st IEEE International Computer Conference
The Sensitivity of Communication Mechanisms to Bandwidth and Latency
HPCA '98 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture
Cooperative Caching of Dynamic Content on a Distributed Web Server
HPDC '98 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing
Evaluating Cluster-Based Network Servers
HPDC '00 Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing
Distributed Packet Rewriting and its Application to Scalable Server Architectures
ICNP '98 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Network Protocols
Scalable content-aware request distribution in cluster-based networks servers
ATEC '00 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Efficient support for P-HTTP in cluster-based web servers
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Flash: an efficient and portable web server
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
The state of the art in locally distributed Web-server systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Cluster Load Balancing for Fine-Grain Network Services
IPDPS '02 Proceedings of the 16th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
Conserving disk energy in network servers
ICS '03 Proceedings of the 17th annual international conference on Supercomputing
Evaluating the Impact of Communication Architecture on the Performability of Cluster-Based Services
HPCA '03 Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture
Dynamic cluster reconfiguration for power and performance
Compilers and operating systems for low power
Quantifying and Improving the Availability of High-Performance Cluster-Based Internet Services
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
PRESS: A Clustered Server Based on User-Level Communication
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Quantifying the Performability of Cluster-Based Services
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Energy conservation in heterogeneous server clusters
Proceedings of the tenth ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming
A light-weight, collaborative temporary file system for clustered Web servers
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing - Special issue: 18th International parallel and distributed processing symposium
Human-aware computer system design
HOTOS'05 Proceedings of the 10th conference on Hot Topics in Operating Systems - Volume 10
Understanding and dealing with operator mistakes in internet services
OSDI'04 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Symposium on Opearting Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 6
Using fault injection and modeling to evaluate the performability of cluster-based services
USITS'03 Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 4
Decentralized content aware load balancing algorithm for distributed computing environments
Proceedings of the International Conference & Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology
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Efficiency and portability are conflicting objectives for cluster-based network servers that distribute the clients' requests across the cluster based on the actual content requested. Our work is based on the observation that this efficiency vs. portability tradeoff has not been fully evaluated in the literature. To fill this gap, in this paper we use modeling and experimentation to study this tradeoff in the context of an interesting class of content-based network servers, the locality-conscious servers, under different inter-node communication subsystems. Based on our results, our main conclusion is that portability should be promoted in cluster-based network servers with low processor overhead, given its relatively low cost ($\leq$ 16%) in terms of throughput performance. For clusters with high processor overhead communication, efficiency should be the overriding concern, as the cost of portability can be very high (as high as 107% on 96 nodes). We also conclude that user-level communication can be useful even for non-scientific applications such as network servers.