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Generating representative Web workloads for network and server performance evaluation
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IO-lite: a unified I/O buffering and caching system
OSDI '99 Proceedings of the third symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
SWEB: Towards a Scalable World Wide Web Server on Multicomputers
IPPS '96 Proceedings of the 10th International Parallel Processing Symposium
The case for geographical push-caching
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USITS'97 Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems
Salamander: a push-based distribution substrate for internet applications
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A hierarchical internet object cache
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Flash: an efficient and portable web server
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Cluster Computing
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Performance Guarantees for Cluster-Based Internet Services
ICDCS '03 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
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Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing - Scalable web services and architecture
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PRESS: A Clustered Server Based on User-Level Communication
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Information Sciences: an International Journal
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IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
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This paper studies mechanisms and policies for supporting HTTP/1.1 persistent connections in cluster-based Web servers that employ content-based request distribution. We present two mechanisms for the efficient, content-based distribution of HTTP/1.1 requests among the back-end nodes of a cluster server. A trace-driven simulation shows that these mechanisms, combined with an extension of the locality-aware request distribution (LARD) policy, are effective in yielding scalable performance for HTTP/1.1 requests. We implemented the simpler of these two mechanisms, back-end forwarding. Measurements of this mechanism in connection with extended LARD on a prototype cluster, driven with traces from actual Web servers, confirm the simulation results. The throughput of the prototype is up to four times better than that achieved by conventional weighted round-robin request distribution. In addition, throughput with persistent connections is up to 26% better than without.