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Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Internet Web servers: workload characterization and performance implications
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Analysis of Task Assignment Policies in Scalable Distributed Web-Server Systems
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Locality-aware request distribution in cluster-based network servers
Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Summary of WWW characterizations
WWW7 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on World Wide Web 7
A client-aware dispatching algorithm for web clusters providing multiple services
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web
Distributed cooperative Apache web server
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web
The structural cause of file size distributions
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
The state of the art in locally distributed Web-server systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Experiences with VI communication for database storage
ISCA '02 Proceedings of the 29th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Performance and scalability of EJB applications
OOPSLA '02 Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
Hierarchical Workload Characterization for a Busy Web Server
TOOLS '02 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Performance Evaluation, Modelling Techniques and Tools
Characteristics of WWW Client-based Traces
Characteristics of WWW Client-based Traces
User-Level Communication in Cluster-Based Servers
HPCA '02 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture
Commerce, e-commerce, and m-commerce: what comes next?
Communications of the ACM - Mobile computing opportunities and challenges
Performance and Availability of Internet Data Centers
IEEE Internet Computing
Session-Based Adaptive Overload Control for Secure Dynamic Web Applications
ICPP '05 Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Parallel Processing
Sockets Direct Protocol over InfiniBand in clusters: is it beneficial?
ISPASS '04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software
Efficient support for P-HTTP in cluster-based web servers
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
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State-of-the-art cluster-based data centers consisting of three tiers (Web server, application server, and database server) are being used to host complex Web services such as e-commerce applications. The application server handles dynamic and sensitive Web contents that need protection from eavesdropping, tampering, and forgery. Although the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is the most popular protocol to provide a secure channel between a client and a cluster-based network server, its high overhead degrades the server performance considerably and, thus, affects the server scalability. Therefore, improving the performance of SSL-enabled network servers is critical for designing scalable and high-performance data centers. In this paper, we examine the impact of SSL offering and SSL-session-aware distribution in cluster-based network servers. We propose a back-end forwarding scheme, called ssl_with_bf, that employs a low-overhead user-level communication mechanism like Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA) to achieve a good load balance among server nodes. We compare three distribution models for network servers, Round Robin (RR), ssl_with_session, and ssl_with_bf, through simulation. The experimental results with 16-node and 32-node cluster configurations show that, although the session reuse of ssl_with_session is critical to improve the performance of application servers, the proposed back-end forwarding scheme can further enhance the performance due to better load balancing. The ssl_with_bf scheme can minimize the average latency by about 40 percent and improve throughput across a variety of workloads.