Managing energy and server resources in hosting centers
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Energy conservation in heterogeneous server clusters
Proceedings of the tenth ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming
MapReduce: simplified data processing on large clusters
OSDI'04 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Symposium on Opearting Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 6
On the energy (in)efficiency of Hadoop clusters
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
An energy case for hybrid datacenters
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Robust and flexible power-proportional storage
Proceedings of the 1st ACM symposium on Cloud computing
NSDI'10 Proceedings of the 7th USENIX conference on Networked systems design and implementation
Improving MapReduce performance in heterogeneous environments
OSDI'08 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on Operating systems design and implementation
Energy management for MapReduce clusters
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
MapReduce in the Clouds for Science
CLOUDCOM '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Second International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science
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Energy consumption in datacenters has recently become a major concern due to the rising operational costs and scalability issues. Recent solutions to this problem propose the principle of energy proportionality, i.e., the amount of energy consumed by the server nodes must be proportional to the amount of work performed. For data parallelism and fault tolerance purposes, most common file systems used in MapReduce-type clusters maintain a set of replicas for each data block. A covering set is a group of nodes that together contain at least one replica of the data blocks needed for performing computing tasks. In this work, we develop and analyze algorithms to maintain energy proportionality by discovering a covering set that minimizes energy consumption while placing the remaining nodes in low-power standby mode. Our algorithms can also discover covering sets in heterogeneous computing environments. In order to allow more data parallelism, we generalize our algorithms so that it can discover k-covering sets, i.e., a set of nodes that contain at least k replicas of the data blocks. Our experimental results show that we can achieve substantial energy saving without significant performance loss in diverse cluster configurations and working environments.