Comparing algorithm for dynamic speed-setting of a low-power CPU
MobiCom '95 Proceedings of the 1st annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: evidence and possible causes
Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Energy-aware adaptation for mobile applications
Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Wattch: a framework for architectural-level power analysis and optimizations
Proceedings of the 27th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
PC 99 System Design Guide
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EW 9 Proceedings of the 9th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC: new challenges for the operating system
High-Performance Web Site Design Techniques
IEEE Internet Computing
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IEEE Micro
Adaptive Disk Spin-down Policies for Mobile Computers
MLICS '95 Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on Mobile and Location-Independent Computing
PowerScope: A Tool for Profiling the Energy Usage of Mobile Applications
WMCSA '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications
HACC: an architecture for cluster-based web servers
WINSYM'99 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on USENIX Windows NT Symposium - Volume 3
Managing energy and server resources in hosting centers
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Critical power slope: understanding the runtime effects of frequency scaling
ICS '02 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Supercomputing
Conserving disk energy in network servers
ICS '03 Proceedings of the 17th annual international conference on Supercomputing
DRPM: dynamic speed control for power management in server class disks
Proceedings of the 30th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Power-aware QoS Management in Web Servers
RTSS '03 Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Energy conservation techniques for disk array-based servers
Proceedings of the 18th annual international conference on Supercomputing
PB-LRU: a self-tuning power aware storage cache replacement algorithm for conserving disk energy
Proceedings of the 18th annual international conference on Supercomputing
On the performance and use of dense servers
IBM Journal of Research and Development
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IBM Journal of Research and Development
Balance of Power: Dynamic Thermal Management for Internet Data Centers
IEEE Internet Computing
Power and Energy Profiling of Scientific Applications on Distributed Systems
IPDPS '05 Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS'05) - Papers - Volume 01
Exploring the Energy-Time Tradeoff in MPI Programs on a Power-Scalable Cluster
IPDPS '05 Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS'05) - Papers - Volume 01
Improvement of Power-Performance Efficiency for High-End Computing
IPDPS '05 Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS'05) - Workshop 11 - Volume 12
Managing server energy and operational costs in hosting centers
SIGMETRICS '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Energy-efficient policies for embedded clusters
LCTES '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems
Using multiple energy gears in MPI programs on a power-scalable cluster
Proceedings of the tenth ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming
Energy conservation in heterogeneous server clusters
Proceedings of the tenth ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming
Disk layout optimization for reducing energy consumption
Proceedings of the 19th annual international conference on Supercomputing
Just In Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling: Exploiting Inter-Node Slack to Save Energy in MPI Programs
SC '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
SC '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Energy management for real-time embedded systems with reliability requirements
Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Power provisioning for a warehouse-sized computer
Proceedings of the 34th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Energy conservation policies for web servers
USITS'03 Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 4
Dynamic Voltage Scaling in Multitier Web Servers with End-to-End Delay Control
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Analyzing the Energy-Time Trade-Off in High-Performance Computing Applications
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Online Web Cluster Capacity Estimation and Its Application to Energy Conservation
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
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Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Power capping: a prelude to power shifting
Cluster Computing
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Cluster Computing
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Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Just-in-time dynamic voltage scaling: Exploiting inter-node slack to save energy in MPI programs
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
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Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques
pMapper: power and migration cost aware application placement in virtualized systems
Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Conference on Middleware
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Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Energy and performance evaluation of lossless file data compression on server systems
SYSTOR '09 Proceedings of SYSTOR 2009: The Israeli Experimental Systems Conference
GreenCloud: a new architecture for green data center
ICAC-INDST '09 Proceedings of the 6th international conference industry session on Autonomic computing and communications industry session
Shares and utilities based power consolidation in virtualized server environments
IM'09 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP/IEEE international conference on Symposium on Integrated Network Management
Joint optimization of idle and cooling power in data centers while maintaining response time
Proceedings of the fifteenth edition of ASPLOS on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
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Journal of Systems and Software
PACS'02 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Power-aware computer systems
Optimal sleep patterns for serving delay-tolerant jobs
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Energy-Efficient Computing and Networking
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Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Autonomic computing
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Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing
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USENIX'09 Proceedings of the 2009 conference on USENIX Annual technical conference
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ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Modelling of staged routing for reduced carbon footprints of large server clusters
International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems
The PowerNap Server Architecture
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
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Communications of the ACM
Server operational cost optimization for cloud computing service providers over a time horizon
Hot-ICE'11 Proceedings of the 11th USENIX conference on Hot topics in management of internet, cloud, and enterprise networks and services
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Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on Systems and Storage
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Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on Systems and Storage
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EDCC'05 Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Dependable Computing
CPU packing for multiprocessor power reduction
PACS'03 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Power - Aware Computer Systems
Safe overprovisioning: using power limits to increase aggregate throughput
PACS'04 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Power-Aware Computer Systems
Energy efficient utilization of resources in cloud computing systems
The Journal of Supercomputing
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Future Energy Systems: Where Energy, Computing and Communication Meet
DS-RT '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ACM 16th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications
Deadline and energy constrained dynamic resource allocation in a heterogeneous computing environment
The Journal of Supercomputing
Heterogeneous makespan and energy-constrained DAG scheduling
Proceedings of the 2013 workshop on Energy efficient high performance parallel and distributed computing
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Proceedings of the 2013 ACM Cloud and Autonomic Computing Conference
EnergIT: A Methodology for the Incremental Green Design of Data Centers
International Journal of Green Computing
High volumes of event stream indexing and efficient multi-keyword searching for cloud monitoring
Future Generation Computer Systems
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Future Generation Computer Systems
Power-aware optimization for heterogeneous multi-tier clusters
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Dynamic Voltage Scaling Scheduling on Power-Aware Clusters under Power Constraints
DS-RT '13 Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM 17th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications
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Power management has traditionally focused on portable and handheld devices. This paper breaks with tradition and presents a case for managing power consumption in web servers. Web servers experience large periods of low utilization, presenting an opportunity for using power management to reduce energy consumption with minimal performance impact. We measured the energy consumption of a "typical" web server under a variety of workloads derived from access logs of real websites, including the 1998 Winter Olympics web site. Our measurements show that the CPU is the largest consumer of power for typical web servers today.We have also created a power simulator for web serving workloads that estimates CPU energy consumption with less than 5.7% error for our workloads. The simulator is fast, processing over 75,000 requests/second on a 866MHz uniprocessor machine. Using the simulator, we quantify the potential benefits of dynamically scaling the processor voltage and frequency, a power management technique that is traditionally found only in handheld devices. We find that dynamic voltage and frequency scaling is highly effective for saving energy with moderately intense web workloads, saving from 23% to 36% of the CPU energy while keeping server responsiveness within reasonable limits.