ASPLOS IX Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Managing energy and server resources in hosting centers
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Critical power slope: understanding the runtime effects of frequency scaling
ICS '02 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Supercomputing
The case for power management in web servers
Power aware computing
DRAM Energy Management Using Sof ware and Hardware Directed Power Mode Control
HPCA '01 Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture
Improving energy efficiency by making DRAM less randomly accessed
ISLPED '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Making scheduling "cool": temperature-aware workload placement in data centers
ATEC '05 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Power provisioning for a warehouse-sized computer
Proceedings of the 34th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Limiting the power consumption of main memory
Proceedings of the 34th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Energy conservation policies for web servers
USITS'03 Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 4
ICAC '07 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomic Computing
ATC'07 2007 USENIX Annual Technical Conference on Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Delivering energy proportionality with non energy-proportional systems: optimizing the ensemble
HotPower'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Power aware computing and systems
DreamWeaver: architectural support for deep sleep
ASPLOS XVII Proceedings of the seventeenth international conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
Self-adaptive hybrid dynamic power management for many-core systems
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Review: A survey on architectures and energy efficiency in Data Center Networks
Computer Communications
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Data center power consumption is growing to unprecedented levels: the EPA estimates U.S. data centers will consume 100 billion kilowatt hours annually by 2011. Much of this energy is wasted in idle systems: in typical deployments, server utilization is below 30%, but idle servers still consume 60% of their peak power draw. Typical idle periods---though frequent---last seconds or less, confounding simple energy-conservation approaches. In this article, we propose PowerNap, an energy-conservation approach where the entire system transitions rapidly between a high-performance active state and a near-zero-power idle state in response to instantaneous load. Rather than requiring fine-grained power-performance states and complex load-proportional operation from individual system components, PowerNap instead calls for minimizing idle power and transition time, which are simpler optimization goals. Based on the PowerNap concept, we develop requirements and outline mechanisms to eliminate idle power waste in enterprise blade servers. Because PowerNap operates in low-efficiency regions of current blade center power supplies, we introduce the Redundant Array for Inexpensive Load Sharing (RAILS), a power provisioning approach that provides high conversion efficiency across the entire range of PowerNap’s power demands. Using utilization traces collected from enterprise-scale commercial deployments, we demonstrate that, together, PowerNap and RAILS reduce average server power consumption by 74%.