Non-volatile memory for fast, reliable file systems
ASPLOS V Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
The Rio file cache: surviving operating system crashes
Proceedings of the seventh international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: evidence and possible causes
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Network attached storage architecture
Communications of the ACM
Managing energy and server resources in hosting centers
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
The case for power management in web servers
Power aware computing
Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
HeRMES: High-Performance Reliable MRAM-Enabled Storage
HOTOS '01 Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Managing server energy and operational costs in hosting centers
SIGMETRICS '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
International Journal of Network Management
Making scheduling "cool": temperature-aware workload placement in data centers
ATEC '05 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Power provisioning for a warehouse-sized computer
Proceedings of the 34th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Live migration of virtual machines
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
Model-based resource provisioning in a web service utility
USITS'03 Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 4
Exploiting non-volatile RAM to enhance flash file system performance
EMSOFT '07 Proceedings of the 7th ACM & IEEE international conference on Embedded software
VirtualPower: coordinated power management in virtualized enterprise systems
Proceedings of twenty-first ACM SIGOPS symposium on Operating systems principles
Reducing the Energy Consumption of Ethernet with Adaptive Link Rate (ALR)
IEEE Transactions on Computers
No "power" struggles: coordinated multi-level power management for the data center
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
ATC'07 2007 USENIX Annual Technical Conference on Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Intel® Turbo Memory: Nonvolatile disk caches in the storage hierarchy of mainstream computer systems
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
Reducing network energy consumption via sleeping and rate-adaptation
NSDI'08 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
Energy-aware server provisioning and load dispatching for connection-intensive internet services
NSDI'08 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
A PRAM and NAND flash hybrid architecture for high-performance embedded storage subsystems
EMSOFT '08 Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Embedded software
Storage-class memory: the next storage system technology
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Overview of candidate device technologies for storage-class memory
IBM Journal of Research and Development
PowerNap: eliminating server idle power
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Architecting phase change memory as a scalable dram alternative
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
A durable and energy efficient main memory using phase change memory technology
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Scalable high performance main memory system using phase-change memory technology
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Skilled in the art of being idle: reducing energy waste in networked systems
NSDI'09 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX symposium on Networked systems design and implementation
Greener PCs for the Enterprise
IT Professional
Better I/O through byte-addressable, persistent memory
Proceedings of the ACM SIGOPS 22nd symposium on Operating systems principles
Operating system support for NVM+DRAM hybrid main memory
HotOS'09 Proceedings of the 12th conference on Hot topics in operating systems
Delivering energy proportionality with non energy-proportional systems: optimizing the ensemble
HotPower'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Power aware computing and systems
Server workload analysis for power minimization using consolidation
USENIX'09 Proceedings of the 2009 conference on USENIX Annual technical conference
Balancing electricity bill and performance in server farms with setup costs
Future Generation Computer Systems
Towards a green cluster through dynamic remapping of virtual machines
Future Generation Computer Systems
Energy-efficient and high-performance software architecture for storage class memory
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines
The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines
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Studies have shown that much of today's data centers are over-provisioned and underutilized. Over-provisioning cannot be avoided as these centers must anticipate peak load with bursty behavior. Under-utilization, to date, has also been unavoidable as systems always had to be ready for that sudden burst of requests that loom just around the corner. Previous research has pointed to turning off systems as one solution, albeit, an infeasible one due to its irresponsiveness. In this paper, we present the feasibility of using new Storage Class Memory (SCM, which encompasses specific developments such as PCM, MRAM, or FeRAM) technology to turn systems on and off with minimum overhead. This feature is used to control systems on the whole (in comparison to the previous fine-grained component-wise control) in finer time scale for high responsiveness with minimized power lost to idleness. Our empirical study is done by executing real trace-like workloads on a prototype data center of embedded systems deploying FeRAM. We quantify the energy savings and performance trade-off by turning idle systems off. We show that our energy savings approach consumes energy in proportion to user requests with configurable quality of service. Finally, based on observations made on this data center, we discuss the requirements for real deployment.