Vibration-to-electric energy conversion
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems - Special issue on low power electronics and design
Power utility maximization for multiple-supply systems by a load-matching switch
Proceedings of the 2004 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Heliomote: enabling long-lived sensor networks through solar energy harvesting
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Invited Talk: Thermal Energy Harvesting with Thermo Life
BSN '06 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks
Trio: enabling sustainable and scalable outdoor wireless sensor network deployments
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Telos: enabling ultra-low power wireless research
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Design considerations for solar energy harvesting wireless embedded systems
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Perpetual environmentally powered sensor networks
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Power management in energy harvesting sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) - Special Section LCTES'05
LUSTER: wireless sensor network for environmental research
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Leakage-aware energy synchronization for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
SolarStore: enhancing data reliability in solar-powered storage-centric sensor networks
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Power management in energy harvesting embedded systems with discrete service levels
Proceedings of the 14th ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Canopy closure estimates with GreenOrbs: sustainable sensing in the forest
Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
SolarMote: a low-cost solar energy supplying and monitoring system for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
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The rapid advances in processor, memory, and radio technology enable the development of small, inexpensive sensor nodes that are capable of sensing, computation, and communication. However, the severe energy constraints of the sensors present major challenges for long-term applications. In order to achieve sustainability, environmental energy harvesting has been demonstrated as a promising approach. In this work, the energy utilization scheme is investigated for wireless sensor networks with energy harvesting nodes. The energy utilization system is divided to three parts: energy harvesting, energy consuming and energy storage. Then the sustainability problem is formulated as an energy flow control problem. An energy flow control system, called EFCon, is proposed to keep the balance between energy supplies and demands. EFCon consists of two phases, energy flow direction control and flow rate control. In the phase of energy flow direction control, the system dynamically switches among four patterns: flood flow, direct flow, compensate flow, and backup flow, according to current environmental energy condition and the residual energy condition. Once the energy flow direction is determined, a corresponding energy flow rate control strategy will be adopted for efficient energy utilization. The EFCon is implemented and validated by a long-term deployment in real testbeds. The experimental results indicate that the EFCon outperforms existing designs.