Modern control engineering (3rd ed.)
Modern control engineering (3rd ed.)
IntellBatt: towards smarter battery design
Proceedings of the 45th annual Design Automation Conference
Balanced reconfiguration of storage banks in a hybrid electrical energy storage system
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Batteries and battery management systems for electric vehicles
DATE '12 Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
State of health aware charge management in hybrid electrical energy storage systems
DATE '12 Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
System architecture and software design for electric vehicles
Proceedings of the 50th Annual Design Automation Conference
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This paper proposes a novel modular architecture for Electrical Energy Storages (EESs), consisting of multiple series-connected cells. In contrast to state-of-the-art architectures, the presented approach significantly improves the energy utilization, safety, and availability of EESs. For this purpose, each cell is equipped with a circuit that enables an individual control within a homogeneous architecture. One major advantage of our approach is a direct and concurrent charge transfer between each cell of the EES using inductors. To enable a system-level modeling and performance analysis of the architecture, a detailed investigation of the components and their interaction with the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control was performed at transistor-level. At system-level, we propose a control algorithm for the charge transfer that aims at minimizing the energy loss and balancing time. The results give evidence of the significant advantages of our architecture over existing passive and active balancing methods in terms of energy efficiency and charge equalization time.