NSF workshop on Visual Information Management Systems
ACM SIGMOD Record
WordNet: a lexical database for English
Communications of the ACM
VisualSEEk: a fully automated content-based image query system
MULTIMEDIA '96 Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Feature Detection with Automatic Scale Selection
International Journal of Computer Vision
Content-Based Image Retrieval at the End of the Early Years
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
SIMPLIcity: Semantics-Sensitive Integrated Matching for Picture LIbraries
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The K-D-B-tree: a search structure for large multidimensional dynamic indexes
SIGMOD '81 Proceedings of the 1981 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Modeling the Shape of the Scene: A Holistic Representation of the Spatial Envelope
International Journal of Computer Vision
An Intelligent Image Database System
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Proceedings on Data Base Techniques for Pictorial Applications
Proceedings on Data Base Techniques for Pictorial Applications
VLDB '98 Proceedings of the 24rd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing
VLDB '99 Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
NeTra: a toolbox for navigating large image databases
ICIP '97 Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP '97) 3-Volume Set-Volume 1 - Volume 1
Object Recognition from Local Scale-Invariant Features
ICCV '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Context-based vision system for place and object recognition
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Video Google: A Text Retrieval Approach to Object Matching in Videos
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Matching Widely Separated Views Based on Affine Invariant Regions
International Journal of Computer Vision
Labeling images with a computer game
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Scale & Affine Invariant Interest Point Detectors
International Journal of Computer Vision
Locality-sensitive hashing scheme based on p-stable distributions
SCG '04 Proceedings of the twentieth annual symposium on Computational geometry
Cortina: a system for large-scale, content-based web image retrieval
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Human Detection
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
A Performance Evaluation of Local Descriptors
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Photo-to-search: using multimodal queries to search the web from mobile devices
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGMM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval
A Comparison of Affine Region Detectors
International Journal of Computer Vision
Peekaboom: a game for locating objects in images
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Content-based multimedia information retrieval: State of the art and challenges
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
AnnoSearch: Image Auto-Annotation by Search
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
IGroup: web image search results clustering
MULTIMEDIA '06 Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Image annotation by large-scale content-based image retrieval
MULTIMEDIA '06 Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Scene completion using millions of photographs
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Computer
Image retrieval: Ideas, influences, and trends of the new age
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Asymmetric distance estimation with sketches for similarity search in high-dimensional spaces
Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Local invariant feature detectors: a survey
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
80 Million Tiny Images: A Large Data Set for Nonparametric Object and Scene Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Learning to Rank for Information Retrieval
Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval
Rover visual obstacle avoidance
IJCAI'81 Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
IJCAI'83 Proceedings of the Eighth international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
MM '09 Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Descriptive visual words and visual phrases for image applications
MM '09 Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Faster and Better: A Machine Learning Approach to Corner Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval
Searching one billion web images by content: challenges and opportunities
MCAM'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Multimedia content analysis and mining
Corpus-based semantic class mining: distributional vs. pattern-based approaches
COLING '10 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics
Building contextual visual vocabulary for large-scale image applications
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia
MindFinder: interactive sketch-based image search on millions of images
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia
PCA-SIFT: a more distinctive representation for local image descriptors
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
SIFT Flow: Dense Correspondence across Scenes and Its Applications
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Data-driven visual similarity for cross-domain image matching
Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference
Interactive Image Search by Color Map
ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST)
SURF: speeded up robust features
ECCV'06 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Machine learning for high-speed corner detection
ECCV'06 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Google image swirl: a large-scale content-based image visualization system
Proceedings of the 21st international conference companion on World Wide Web
Compact hashing with joint optimization of search accuracy and time
CVPR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Image retrieval with geometry-preserving visual phrases
CVPR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Edgel index for large-scale sketch-based image search
CVPR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Rank-SIFT: Learning to rank repeatable local interest points
CVPR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Asymmetric distances for binary embeddings
CVPR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Relevance feedback: a power tool for interactive content-based image retrieval
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
QsRank: Query-sensitive hash code ranking for efficient ∊-neighbor search
CVPR '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
Large-scale image annotation using visual synset
ICCV '11 Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision
Query-adaptive shape topic mining for hand-drawn sketch recognition
Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Towards indexing representative images on the web
Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Semi-Supervised Hashing for Large-Scale Search
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
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This article presents a comprehensive review and analysis on image search in the past 20 years, emphasizing the challenges and opportunities brought by the astonishing increase of dataset scales from thousands to billions in the same time period, which was witnessed first-hand by the authors as active participants in this research area. Starting with a retrospective review of three stages of image search in the history, the article highlights major breakthroughs around the year 2000 in image search features, indexing methods, and commercial systems, which marked the transition from stage two to stage three. Subsequent sections describe the image search research from four important aspects: system framework, feature extraction and image representation, indexing, and big data's potential. Based on the review, the concluding section discusses open research challenges and suggests future research directions in effective visual representation, image knowledge base construction, implicit user feedback and crowdsourcing, mobile image search, and creative multimedia interfaces.