Compiler testing via a theory of sound optimisations in the C11/C++11 memory model

  • Authors:
  • Robin Morisset;Pankaj Pawan;Francesco Zappa Nardelli

  • Affiliations:
  • ENS & INRIA, Paris, France;IIT Kanpur & INRIA, Paris, France;INRIA, Paris, France

  • Venue:
  • Proceedings of the 34th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
  • Year:
  • 2013

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Abstract

Compilers sometimes generate correct sequential code but break the concurrency memory model of the programming language: these subtle compiler bugs are observable only when the miscompiled functions interact with concurrent contexts, making them particularly hard to detect. In this work we design a strategy to reduce the hard problem of hunting concurrency compiler bugs to differential testing of sequential code and build a tool that puts this strategy to work. Our first contribution is a theory of sound optimisations in the C11/C++11 memory model, covering most of the optimisations we have observed in real compilers and validating the claim that common compiler optimisations are sound in the C11/C++11 memory model. Our second contribution is to show how, building on this theory, concurrency compiler bugs can be identified by comparing the memory trace of compiled code against a reference memory trace for the source code. Our tool identified several mistaken write introductions and other unexpected behaviours in the latest release of the gcc compiler.