U-Net: a user-level network interface for parallel and distributed computing
SOSP '95 Proceedings of the fifteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Exokernel: an operating system architecture for application-level resource management
SOSP '95 Proceedings of the fifteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
UTLB: a mechanism for address translation on network interfaces
Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
P.R.O.S.E.: partitioned reliable operating system environment
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Design Trade-Offs for User-Level I/O Architectures
IEEE Transactions on Computers
K42: building a complete operating system
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGOPS/EuroSys European Conference on Computer Systems 2006
Unmodified device driver reuse and improved system dependability via virtual machines
OSDI'04 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Symposium on Opearting Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 6
Libra: a library operating system for a jvm in a virtualized execution environment
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Virtual execution environments
High performance VMM-bypass I/O in virtual machines
ATEC '06 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX '06 Annual Technical Conference
virtio: towards a de-facto standard for virtual I/O devices
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review - Research and developments in the Linux kernel
The multikernel: a new OS architecture for scalable multicore systems
Proceedings of the ACM SIGOPS 22nd symposium on Operating systems principles
seL4: formal verification of an OS kernel
Proceedings of the ACM SIGOPS 22nd symposium on Operating systems principles
NoHype: virtualized cloud infrastructure without the virtualization
Proceedings of the 37th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Turning down the LAMP: software specialisation for the cloud
HotCloud'10 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX conference on Hot topics in cloud computing
The turtles project: design and implementation of nested virtualization
OSDI'10 Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on Operating systems design and implementation
Rethinking the library OS from the top down
Proceedings of the sixteenth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Providing safe, user space access to fast, solid state disks
ASPLOS XVII Proceedings of the seventeenth international conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
ELI: bare-metal performance for I/O virtualization
ASPLOS XVII Proceedings of the seventeenth international conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
The resource-as-a-service (RaaS) cloud
HotCloud'12 Proceedings of the 4th USENIX conference on Hot Topics in Cloud Ccomputing
Dune: safe user-level access to privileged CPU features
OSDI'12 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation
Unikernels: library operating systems for the cloud
Proceedings of the eighteenth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
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Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud computing is causing a fundamental shift in the way computing resources are bought, sold, and used. We foresee a future whereby every CPU cycle, every memory word, and every byte of network bandwidth in the cloud would have a constantly changing market-driven price. We argue that, in such an environment, the underlying resources should be exposed directly to applications without kernel or hypervisor involvement. We propose the nonkernel, an architecture for operating system kernel construction designed for such cloud computing platforms. A nonkernel uses modern architectural support for machine virtualization to securely provide unprivileged user programs with pervasive access to the underlying resources. We motivate the need for the nonkernel, we contrast it against its predecessor the exokernel, and we outline how one could go about building a nonkernel operating system.