Self disclosure on computer forms: meta-analysis and implications
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Privacy policies as decision-making tools: an evaluation of online privacy notices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Privacy in electronic commerce and the economics of immediate gratification
EC '04 Proceedings of the 5th ACM conference on Electronic commerce
A "nutrition label" for privacy
Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
Nudging Privacy: The Behavioral Economics of Personal Information
IEEE Security and Privacy
The Effect of Online Privacy Information on Purchasing Behavior: An Experimental Study
Information Systems Research
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In an effort to address persistent consumer privacy concerns, policy makers and the data industry seem to have found common grounds in proposals that aim at making online privacy more "transparent." Such self-regulatory approaches rely on, among other things, providing more and better information to users of Internet services about how their data is used. However, we illustrate in a series of experiments that even simple privacy notices do not consistently impact disclosure behavior, and may in fact be used to nudge individuals to disclose variable amounts of personal information. In a first experiment, we demonstrate that the impact of privacy notices on disclosure is sensitive to relative judgments, even when the objective risks of disclosure actually stay constant. In a second experiment, we show that the impact of privacy notices on disclosure can be muted by introducing simple misdirections that do not alter the objective risk of disclosure. These findings cast doubts on the likelihood of initiatives predicated around notices and transparency to address, by themselves, online privacy concerns.