Usability Engineering
Safe obstacle avoidance for industrial robot working without fences
IROS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/RSJ international conference on Intelligent robots and systems
Biological movement increases acceptance of humanoid robots as human partners in motor interaction
AI & Society - Special issue: Social impact of AI: killer robots or friendly fridges
Accelerating Robot Development Through Integral Analysis of Human–Robot Interaction
IEEE Transactions on Robotics
Affective State Estimation for Human–Robot Interaction
IEEE Transactions on Robotics
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Robots are becoming more and more present in our everyday life: they are already used for domestic tasks, for companionship activities, and soon they will be used to assist humans and collaborate with them in their work. Human-robot collaboration has already been studied in the industry, for ergonomics and efficiency purposes, but more from a safety than from an acceptability point of view. In this work, we focused on how people perceive robots in a collaboration task and we proposed to use virtual reality as a simulation environment to test different parameters, by making users collaborate with virtual robots. A simple use case was implemented to compare different robot appearances and different robot movements. Questionnaires and physiological measures were used to assess the acceptability level of each condition with a user study. The results showed that the perception of robot movements depended on robot appearance and that a more anthropomorphic robot, both in its appearance and movements, was not necessarily better accepted by the users in a collaboration task. Finally, this preliminary use case was also the opportunity to guarantee the relevance of using such a methodology --- based on virtual reality, questionnaires and physiological measures --- for future studies.