Modeling, analysis, and experimental validation of frequency dividers with direct injection

  • Authors:
  • Antonio Buonomo;Alessandro Lo Schiavo

  • Affiliations:
  • Facoltà di Ingegneria, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Italy;Facoltà di Ingegneria, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Italy

  • Venue:
  • Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
  • Year:
  • 2013

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Abstract

An analytical model and a methodology are presented for the analysis of CMOS injection-locked frequency dividers with direct injection, which are used in modern wireless communication systems. The amplitude and phase of the oscillation in the synchronous operation mode, as well as the locking range, are found in explicit form. The width of the locking range is determined by the condition of the existence and stability of synchronous oscillations. The accuracy of the model and of the presented formulas is validated through a comparison with experimental results, which are in good agreement with the analytical ones.