A platform for ubiquitous sensor deployment in occupational and domestic environments
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Energy Metering for Free: Augmenting Switching Regulators for Real-Time Monitoring
IPSN '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Tiny web services: design and implementation of interoperable and evolvable sensor networks
Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Embedded network sensor systems
A building block approach to sensornet systems
Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Embedded network sensor systems
Design and implementation of a high-fidelity AC metering network
IPSN '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks
Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
Meter any wire, anywhere by virtualizing the voltage channel
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building
Energy harvesting from electromagnetic energy radiating from AC power lines
Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Hot Topics in Embedded Networked Sensors
Towards real-time, fine-grained energy analytics in buildings through mobile phones
BuildSys '12 Proceedings of the Fourth ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings
Low-cost appliance state sensing for energy disaggregation
BuildSys '12 Proceedings of the Fourth ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings
Managing plug-loads for demand response within buildings
Proceedings of the Third ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings
Disaggregating End Loads with Energy-Harvesting Sensors and Cloud Analytics
Proceedings of the 5th ACM Workshop on Embedded Systems For Energy-Efficient Buildings
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Conventional AC power meters perform at least two distinct functions: power conversion, to supply the meter itself, and energy metering, to measure the load consumption. This paper presents Monjolo, a new energy-metering architecture that combines these two functions to yield a new design point in the metering space. The key insight underlying this work is that the output of a current transformer -- nominally used to measure a load current -- can be harvested and used to intermittently power a wireless sensor node. The hypothesis is that the node's activation frequency increases monotonically with the primary load's draw, making it possible to estimate load power from the interval between activations, assuming the node consumes a fixed energy quanta during each activation. This paper explores this thesis by designing, implementing, and evaluating the Monjolo metering architecture. The results demonstrate that it is possible to build a meter that draws zero-power under zero-load conditions, offers high accuracy for near-unity power factor loads, works with non-unity power factor loads in combination with a whole-house meter, wirelessly reports readings to a data aggregator, is resilient to communication failures, and is parsimonious with the radio channel, even under heavy loads. Monjolo eliminates the high-voltage AC-DC power supply and AC metering circuitry present in earlier designs, enabling a smaller, simpler, safer, and lower-cost design point that supports novel deployment scenarios like non-intrusive circuit-level metering.