Smalltalk-80: the language and its implementation
Smalltalk-80: the language and its implementation
Object-oriented programming with flavors
OOPLSA '86 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications
OOPSLA/ECOOP '90 Proceedings of the European conference on object-oriented programming on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications
A record calculus based on symmetric concatenation
POPL '91 Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Eiffel: the language
On the expressive power of programming languages
ESOP '90 Selected papers from the symposium on 3rd European symposium on programming
The programming language jigsaw: mixins, modularity and multiple inheritance
The programming language jigsaw: mixins, modularity and multiple inheritance
Typing the specialization interface
OOPSLA '93 Proceedings of the eighth annual conference on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications
Type inference for objects with instance variables and inheritance
Theoretical aspects of object-oriented programming
A behavioral notion of subtyping
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Object-oriented programming in the BETA programming language
Object-oriented programming in the BETA programming language
POPL '98 Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
On the criteria to be used in decomposing systems into modules
Communications of the ACM
Contract Soundness for object-oriented languages
OOPSLA '01 Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
Jiazzi: new-age components for old-fasioned Java
OOPSLA '01 Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
Modular mixin-based inheritance for application frameworks
OOPSLA '01 Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
Contracts for higher-order functions
Proceedings of the seventh ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Functional programming
Computer
jContractor: A Reflective Java Library to Support Design by Contract
Reflection '99 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Meta-Level Architectures and Reflection
APSEC '97 Proceedings of the Fourth Asia-Pacific Software Engineering and International Computer Science Conference
iContract - The Java(tm) Design by Contract(tm) Tool
TOOLS '98 Proceedings of the Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems
Jam---designing a Java extension with mixins
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
A first-class approach to genericity
OOPSLA '03 Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programing, systems, languages, and applications
DrScheme: a programming environment for Scheme
Journal of Functional Programming
Report on the programming language Euclid
ACM SIGPLAN Notices
Super and inner: together at last!
OOPSLA '04 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
Mirrors: design principles for meta-level facilities of object-oriented programming languages
OOPSLA '04 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
How the design of JML accommodates both runtime assertion checking and formal verification
Science of Computer Programming - Formal methods for components and objects pragmatic aspects and applications
Fine-grained interoperability through mirrors and contracts
OOPSLA '05 Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
An Overview of Anna, a Specification Language for Ada
IEEE Software
The ruby programming language
Safe Cross-Language Inheritance
ECOOP '08 Proceedings of the 22nd European conference on Object-Oriented Programming
Semantics Engineering with PLT Redex
Semantics Engineering with PLT Redex
MetaFJig: a meta-circular composition language for Java-like classes
Proceedings of the ACM international conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications
Proxies: design principles for robust object-oriented intercession APIs
Proceedings of the 6th symposium on Dynamic languages
Contracts for first-class classes
Proceedings of the 6th symposium on Dynamic languages
Correct blame for contracts: no more scapegoating
Proceedings of the 38th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Nested and dynamic contract boundaries
IFL'09 Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Implementation and application of functional languages
On contract satisfaction in a higher-order world
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Contracts as pairs of projections
FLOPS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Functional and Logic Programming
JML’s rich, inherited specifications for behavioral subtypes
ICFEM'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Formal Methods and Software Engineering
The spec# programming system: an overview
CASSIS'04 Proceedings of the 2004 international conference on Construction and Analysis of Safe, Secure, and Interoperable Smart Devices
Scheme with classes, mixins, and traits
APLAS'06 Proceedings of the 4th Asian conference on Programming Languages and Systems
Chaperones and impersonators: run-time support for reasonable interposition
Proceedings of the ACM international conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications
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First-class classes enable programmers to abstract over patterns in the class hierarchy and to experiment with new forms of object-oriented programming such as mixins and traits. This increase in expressive power calls for tools to control the complexity of the software architecture. A contract system is one possible tool that has seen much use in object-oriented programming languages, but existing contract systems cannot cope with first-class classes. On the one hand, the typical contract language deals only with plain values such as numbers, while classes are higher-order values. On the other hand, contract specifications are usually contained within class definitions, while classes as values call for a separate contract language. This article presents the design and implementation of a contract system for first-class classes as well as a two-pronged evaluation. The first one states and proves a “blame correctness” theorem for a model of our language. The theorem shows that when the contract system assigns blame to a component for a contract violation, the component is indeed responsible for providing the nonconforming value. The second part, consisting of benchmarks and case studies, demonstrates the need for the rich contract language and validates that our implementation approach is performant with respect to time.