Evaluating the effectiveness of reliability-assurance techniques
Journal of Systems and Software
The use of program profiling for software maintenance with applications to the year 2000 problem
ESEC '97/FSE-5 Proceedings of the 6th European SOFTWARE ENGINEERING conference held jointly with the 5th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering
An empirical investigation of program spectra
Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGPLAN-SIGSOFT workshop on Program analysis for software tools and engineering
Finding failures by cluster analysis of execution profiles
ICSE '01 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Software Engineering
Visualization of test information to assist fault localization
Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Software Engineering
Isolating cause-effect chains from computer programs
Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGSOFT symposium on Foundations of software engineering
Pinpoint: Problem Determination in Large, Dynamic Internet Services
DSN '02 Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks
Automated support for classifying software failure reports
Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Software Engineering
Scalable statistical bug isolation
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
Empirical evaluation of the tarantula automatic fault-localization technique
Proceedings of the 20th IEEE/ACM international Conference on Automated software engineering
Cooperative bug isolation
Statistical debugging: simultaneous identification of multiple bugs
ICML '06 Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Machine learning
Effective program debugging based on execution slices and inter-block data dependency
Journal of Systems and Software - Special issue: Selected papers from the 11th Asia Pacific software engineering conference (APSEC 2004)
Failure proximity: a fault localization-based approach
Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering
An Evaluation of Similarity Coefficients for Software Fault Localization
PRDC '06 Proceedings of the 12th Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing
Statistical Debugging: A Hypothesis Testing-Based Approach
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on Software testing and analysis
Effective Fault Localization using Code Coverage
COMPSAC '07 Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference - Volume 01
On the Accuracy of Spectrum-based Fault Localization
TAICPART-MUTATION '07 Proceedings of the Testing: Academic and Industrial Conference Practice and Research Techniques - MUTATION
An empirical study of the effects of test-suite reduction on fault localization
Proceedings of the 30th international conference on Software engineering
A Crosstab-based Statistical Method for Effective Fault Localization
ICST '08 Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Software Testing, Verification, and Validation
Lightweight fault-localization using multiple coverage types
ICSE '09 Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software Engineering
A practical evaluation of spectrum-based fault localization
Journal of Systems and Software
How Well Do Test Case Prioritization Techniques Support Statistical Fault Localization
COMPSAC '09 Proceedings of the 2009 33rd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference - Volume 01
A family of code coverage-based heuristics for effective fault localization
Journal of Systems and Software
Spectral Debugging with Weights and Incremental Ranking
APSEC '09 Proceedings of the 2009 16th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference
Causal inference for statistical fault localization
Proceedings of the 19th international symposium on Software testing and analysis
Isolating Suspiciousness from Spectrum-Based Fault Localization Techniques
QSIC '10 Proceedings of the 2010 10th International Conference on Quality Software
A model for spectra-based software diagnosis
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)
Are automated debugging techniques actually helping programmers?
Proceedings of the 2011 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis
On the influence of multiple faults on coverage-based fault localization
Proceedings of the 2011 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis
Spectrum-Based Fault Localization: Testing Oracles are No Longer Mandatory
QSIC '11 Proceedings of the 2011 11th International Conference on Quality Software
Lightweight defect localization for java
ECOOP'05 Proceedings of the 19th European conference on Object-Oriented Programming
Proximity based weighting of test cases to improve spectrum based fault localization
ASE '11 Proceedings of the 2011 26th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering
HSFal: Effective fault localization using hybrid spectrum of full slices and execution slices
Journal of Systems and Software
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An important research area of Spectrum-Based Fault Localization (SBFL) is the effectiveness of risk evaluation formulas. Most previous studies have adopted an empirical approach, which can hardly be considered as sufficiently comprehensive because of the huge number of combinations of various factors in SBFL. Though some studies aimed at overcoming the limitations of the empirical approach, none of them has provided a completely satisfactory solution. Therefore, we provide a theoretical investigation on the effectiveness of risk evaluation formulas. We define two types of relations between formulas, namely, equivalent and better. To identify the relations between formulas, we develop an innovative framework for the theoretical investigation. Our framework is based on the concept that the determinant for the effectiveness of a formula is the number of statements with risk values higher than the risk value of the faulty statement. We group all program statements into three disjoint sets with risk values higher than, equal to, and lower than the risk value of the faulty statement, respectively. For different formulas, the sizes of their sets are compared using the notion of subset. We use this framework to identify the maximal formulas which should be the only formulas to be used in SBFL.