Graphics and natural language as components of automatic explanation
Intelligent user interfaces
Audiograf: a diagram-reader for the blind
Assets '96 Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Building natural language generation systems
Building natural language generation systems
Intentions in the coordinated generation of graphics and text from tabular data
Knowledge and Information Systems
Haptic Graphs for Blind Computer Users
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Haptic Human-Computer Interaction
Comparing Two Haptic Interfaces for Multimodal Graph Rendering
HAPTICS '02 Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
The Eyes Have It: A Task by Data Type Taxonomy for Information Visualizations
VL '96 Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages
Describing complex charts in natural language: a caption generation system
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on natural language generation
Design of a knowledge-based report generator
ACL '83 Proceedings of the 21st annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
PLUMB: displaying graphs to the blind using an active auditory interface
Proceedings of the 7th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Semiology of graphics
Data sonification from the desktop: Should sound be part of standard data analysis software?
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
SumTime-turbine: a knowledge-based system to communicate gas turbine time-series data
IEA/AIE'2003 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Developments in applied artificial intelligence
Real versus Template-Based Natural Language Generation: A False Opposition?
Computational Linguistics
Feeling what you hear: tactile feedback for navigation of audio graphs
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Non-visual overviews of complex data sets
CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SoundBar: exploiting multiple views in multimodal graph browsing
Proceedings of the 4th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: changing roles
Interactive generation of overview information using speech
CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Improving accessibility to statistical graphs: the iGraph-Lite system
Proceedings of the 9th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Universal Access in the Information Society
A syntactic analysis of accessibility to a corpus of statistical graphs
W4A '08 Proceedings of the 2008 international cross-disciplinary conference on Web accessibility (W4A)
Automatic Generation of Textual Summaries from Neonatal Intensive Care Data
AIME '07 Proceedings of the 11th conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Semantic Query Answering with Time-Series Graphs
EDOCW '07 Proceedings of the 2007 Eleventh International IEEE EDOC Conference Workshop
Generating spatio-temporal descriptions in pollen forecasts
EACL '06 Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Posters & Demonstrations
An architecture for data-to-text systems
ENLG '07 Proceedings of the Eleventh European Workshop on Natural Language Generation
Making Microsoft Excel™: multimodal presentation of charts
Proceedings of the 11th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Choosing words in computer-generated weather forecasts
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on connecting language to the world
AutoBrief: a multimedia presentation system for assisting data analysis
Computer Standards & Interfaces
Modeling and querying graphical representations of statistical data
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
Evaluating a tool for improving accessibility to charts and graphs
Proceedings of the 12th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Interactive SIGHT demo: textual summaries of simple bar charts
Proceedings of the 12th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
ICCHP'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs
Getting computers to see information graphics so users do not have to
ISMIS'05 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Foundations of Intelligent Systems
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This article reports a case study of the iterative design and evaluation of a natural language-driven assistive technology, iGraph-Lite, providing people who are blind access to line graphs. Two laboratory-based usability studies involving blind and sighted people are presented with a discussion of the ensuing implementation of changes. Blind participants were found to adopt different graph interrogation strategies than sighted participants. A small field study is then reported in which a blind user who works with graphs took part to determine the degree to which the iGraph-Lite commands would meet the needs of blind graph experts. The final study invited sighted graph experts and novices to visually inspect and explain a set of line graphs comparable to those used in the usability studies. It aimed to highlight the concepts and the range of words sighted people use, to ascertain the appropriateness of the iGraph-Lite lexicon. A set of preliminary guidelines is presented.