Evaluating the effectiveness of spatial memory in 2D and 3D physical and virtual environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2D vs 3D, Implications on Spatial Memory
INFOVIS '01 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2001 (INFOVIS'01)
Revisiting 2D vs 3D implications on spatial memory
AUIC '04 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Australasian user interface - Volume 28
Task-specificity and resource allocation in information perception in three-dimensional space
Proceedings of the 23rd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Celebrating People and Technology
Gilford Zimmerman orientation survey: a validation
ICICS'09 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information, communications and signal processing
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Spatial memory is important for locating objects in hierarchical data structures, such as desktop folders. There are, however, some contradictions in literature concerning the effectiveness of 3D user interfaces when compared to their 2D counterparts. This paper uses a task-based approach in order to investigate the effectiveness of adding a third dimension to specific user tasks, i.e. the impact of depth on navigation in a 3D file manager. Results highlight issues and benefits of using 3D interfaces for visual and verbal tasks, and introduces the possible existence of a correlation between aptitude scores achieved on the Guilford-Zimmerman Orientation Survey and Electroencephalography-measured brainwave activity as participants search for targets of variable perceptual salience in 2D and 3D environments.