Time-of-flight cameras with multiple distributed illumination units
ISCGAV'08 Proceedings of the 8th conference on Signal processing, computational geometry and artificial vision
ICS'08 Proceedings of the 12th WSEAS international conference on Systems
Time-of-Flight sensor calibration for accurate range sensing
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Lateral and depth calibration of PMD-Distance sensors
ISVC'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Visual Computing - Volume Part II
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Range imaging based on the Time-of-Flight (ToF) principle evolved largely in recent years. Especially, the lateral resolution, the ability to operate outdoors with sunlight and the sensitivity have been improved. Nevertheless, the acceptance of depth cameras for machine vision in the industry environment is still rather limited. The major shortcoming of ToF depth cameras compared to laser range scanners is their measuring accuracy, which is not sufficient for several applications. In this paper, we firstly introduce several state of the art depth cameras briefly and demonstrate their capabilities. Afterwards, we explore possibilities to increase the radial resolution and the accuracy of ToF depth cameras based on the Photonic Mixer Device (PMD). In general, the usage of higher modulation frequencies promises higher depth resolution but yields on the other hand higher noise levels. Moreover, the accuracy is limited by systematic errors and the measurement are affected by random noise and we show how to minimize and compensate them in industry environments.