Automatic verification of finite-state concurrent systems using temporal logic specifications
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
The Z notation: a reference manual
The Z notation: a reference manual
Debugging Larch Shared Language Specifications
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
The IFAD VDM-SL toolbox: a practical approach to formal specifications
ACM SIGPLAN Notices
Aslantest: a symbolic execution tool for testing Aslan formal specifications
ISSTA '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Software testing and analysis
Requirements Specification for Process-Control Systems
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Model checking software systems: a case study
SIGSOFT '95 Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGSOFT symposium on Foundations of software engineering
Faster checking of software specifications by eliminating isomorphs
POPL '96 Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Formal specification as a design tool
POPL '80 Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
State-Based Model Checking of Event-Driven System Requirements
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Z--, an Executable Subset of Z
Proceedings of the Z User Workshop
Abstract Model Checking of Infinite Specifications
FME '94 Proceedings of the Second International Symposium of Formal Methods Europe on Industrial Benefit of Formal Methods
An Executable Subset of Meta-IV with Loose Specification
VDM '91 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium of VDM Europe on Formal Software Development-Volume I: Conference Contributions - Volume I
Exploiting Symmetry In Temporal Logic Model Checking
CAV '93 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
Better Verification Through Symmetry
CHDL '93 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP WG10.2 International Conference sponsored by IFIP WG10.2 and in cooperation with IEEE COMPSOC on Computer Hardware Description Languages and their Applications
Consistency checking of SCR-style requirements specifications
RE '95 Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering
Exploiting Symmetry in the Model Checking of Relational Specifications
Exploiting Symmetry in the Model Checking of Relational Specifications
Faster checking of software specifications by eliminating isomorphs
POPL '96 Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Checking relational specifications with binary decision diagrams
SIGSOFT '96 Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGSOFT symposium on Foundations of software engineering
Formal refinement patterns for goal-driven requirements elaboration
SIGSOFT '96 Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGSOFT symposium on Foundations of software engineering
Constructing compact models of concurrent Java programs
Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Software testing and analysis
Managing Conflicts in Goal-Driven Requirements Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Inferring Declarative Requirements Specifications from Operational Scenarios
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Integrating obstacles in goal-driven requirements engineering
Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Software engineering
Using shape analysis to reduce finite-state models of concurrent Java programs
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)
Composite model-checking: verification with type-specific symbolic representations
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)
Handling Obstacles in Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - special section on current trends in exception handling—part II
Automatic Analysis of Consistency between Requirements and Designs
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Validating Requirements for Fault Tolerant Systems using Model Checking
ICRE '98 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Requirements Engineering: Putting Requirements Engineering to Practice
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We illustrate the application of Nitpick, a specification checker, to the design of a style mechanism for a word processor. The design is cast, along with some expected properties, in a subset of Z. Nitpick checks a property by enumerating all possible cases within some finite bounds, displaying as a counterexample the first case for which the property fails to hold. Unlike animation or execution tools, Nitpick does not require state transitions to be expressed constructively, and unlike theorem provers, operates completely automatically without user intervention. Using a variety of reduction mechanisms, it can cover an enormous number of cases in a reasonable time, so that subtle flaws can be rapidly detected.