Cipher Instruction Search Attack on the Bus-Encryption Security Microcontroller DS5002FP
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Reducing the Memory Complexity of Type-Inference Algorithms
ICICS '02 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information and Communications Security
PROTECTING EXTERNALLY SUPPLIED SOFTWARE IN SMALL COMPUTERS
PROTECTING EXTERNALLY SUPPLIED SOFTWARE IN SMALL COMPUTERS
Obfuscation of executable code to improve resistance to static disassembly
Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
A Fast Assembly Level Reverse Execution Method via Dynamic Slicing
Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Software Engineering
Hardware assisted control flow obfuscation for embedded processors
Proceedings of the 2004 international conference on Compilers, architecture, and synthesis for embedded systems
Randomized instruction set emulation
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
Deobfuscation: Reverse Engineering Obfuscated Code
WCRE '05 Proceedings of the 12th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering
Manufacturing opaque predicates in distributed systems for code obfuscation
ACSC '06 Proceedings of the 29th Australasian Computer Science Conference - Volume 48
Metrics-based Evaluation of Slicing Obfuscations
IAS '07 Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Information Assurance and Security
Slicing obfuscations: design, correctness, and evaluation
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM workshop on Digital Rights Management
PE-ICE: Parallelized Encryption and Integrity Checking Engine
DDECS '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and systems
Control flow obfuscation with information flow tracking
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
SecBus: operating system controlled hierarchical page-based memory bus protection
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Enforcing kernel constraints by hardware-assisted virtualization
Journal in Computer Virology
A survey of control-flow obfuscations
ICISS'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Information Systems Security
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Software programs are prone to reverse-engineering. Protection usually consists either in obfuscation or Randomized Instruction Set Emulation (RISE). In this article, we explore a mixed software/hardware RISE suitable for embedded systems. This solution is very easy to implement on any open CPU core (LEON, openRISC, LatticeMicro32, etc.), as it implies only localized changes at the latest stage of the code execution hardware, which makes Dallas and DMA attacks unsuccessful. Similarly, alternations in the software development flow are minor and straightforward. All in one, our study shows that an easy protection can be attained at virtually no overhead cost if both the hardware and the software are customized.