A representation theorem for (q-)holonomic sequences

  • Authors:
  • T. Kotek;J. A. Makowsky

  • Affiliations:
  • Institut für Informationssysteme, TU Vienna, 1040 Vienna, Austria;Department of Computer Science, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200 Haifa, Israel

  • Venue:
  • Journal of Computer and System Sciences
  • Year:
  • 2014

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Abstract

Chomsky and Schutzenberger showed in 1963 that the sequence d"L(n), which counts the number of words of a given length n in a regular language L, satisfies a linear recurrence relation with constant coefficients for n, i.e., it is C-finite. It follows that every sequence s(n) which satisfies a linear recurrence relation with constant coefficients can be represented as d"L"""1(n)-d"L"""2(n) for two regular languages. We view this as a representation theorem for C-finite sequences. Holonomic or P-recursive sequences are sequences which satisfy a linear recurrence relation with polynomial coefficients. q-Holonomic sequences are the q-analog of holonomic sequences. In this paper we prove representation theorems of holonomic and q-holonomic sequences based on position specific weights on words, and for holonomic sequences, without using weights, based on sparse regular languages.